Gambling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Betting - Research Paper Example Some time ago betting was viewed as unlawful or an ill bred action yet now it has become a Multi-billion dollar action in many pieces of the world. In numerous pieces of the world subsidizing noble cause and other willful works are vigorously financed with the cash raised from betting. Individuals will in general fantasize that what they would do when they would win the lottery yet for the most part individuals depend on purchasing lottery tickets and some at times bet with aims that their lives are not truly influenced with it. After the endorsement of authorizing betting in the United States, there has been a critical decrease in particular kinds of betting which incorporate purchasing lottery tickets and for the most part bingo for various money prizes (Pew Research Center 2006). Betting in the perspective on numerous individuals is the most famous sort of fun pleasure action today. The majority of the individuals enjoy betting on the grounds that they feel a surge or another sort of feeling each time they put down a wager whether it is on sports on its club betting. For the most part it is an instrument to have a fabulous time among a large portion of the individuals. Since betting is being sanctioned in numerous pieces of the world, hence administrative bodies have forced numerous laws for safe betting. With everything taken into account the essential explanation for legitimizing betting was the foundation of betting spots which assumes a significant job in the monetary turn of events. Numerous strict gatherings challenged the legitimization of betting and they for the most part centered around the key focuses that it will compromise the solidness of the network (Azmier 2000). After the Gambling was authorized in the United States of America, it was clear that individuals began to spend more cash on lawful betting now and this is a huge change whenever contrasted with history. The sanctioning of betting urged individuals to bet beyond what the breaking point they could bear. Purchasing lottery tickets has expanded fundamentally in United States of America and a huge extent of individuals accept that it is an approach to

The Religion Of Jainism Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Religion Of Jainism Essay, Research Paper The Religion of Jainism Jainism is an Indian confidence. This confidence has its authentic beginnings in indistinguishable piece of northern India from Buddhism. Jina or Victor who is the pioneer of the movement was a # 8220 ; contemporary of the Buddha # 8221 ; ( Smart 277 ) . We will compose a custom article test on The Religion Of Jainism Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The guidelines of Jainism were transmitted orally. The Jain confidence split into two strict requests one being the Digamabaras and the other being the Svetambaras. The Digambaras strict request is other than known as the # 8216 ; Sky Clad # 8217 ; the monastics in this faction design bareness as a characteristic of complete dismissal of possessions. The different strict request Svetambaras other than known as the # 8216 ; White Clad # 8217 ; and they imagine that the transmittal of unwritten guidelines has gotten degenerate. Jainism other than built up a philosophical writing. Fitting to the Jain hypothesis they accept that they have to hold tight to the recollections and examples of the days gone by. There philosophical way of thinking is # 8220 ; rich and slippery # 8221 ; and there are two boss aspects of this confidence ( 277 ) . The first is a solid complement on non-injury to all life creatures and the second would be the extraordinary pledges that they attempt. There are a couple of cardinal contemplations to Jainism. The initial 1 is the being of numerous minds. Second there is the universe of the universe. Following there is the activity of karma. At last there is an interest to take obligation for your activities and there is other than a chance of discharge ( 283 ) . There is a short request that is utilized by laic people to demonstrate their devotedness to quit any pretense of everything and come in the territory of being a devout or a religious woman. The petition territories: # 8221 ; Ceasing of illfare, stopping of karmic impacts, perish in agonizing charm, inferring edification: Let these be mine, companion of the entire presence, vanquisher for I have sought wellbeing in your way. # 8221 ; ( 284 ) . Jain sanctuaries are run of the mill in two different ways. First the deepest holy place is a picture of Tirthankara. The sanctuary is other than set apart with a cardinal Jain image, which is a Hakenkreuz. This Hakenkreuz is conquere d by three and a large portion of a Moon. These have noteworthiness. The four weaponries of the insignia speak to the four degrees of life. First there are the individuals who are conceived in one of the seven snake pits, so there are those conceived as workss, quicken creatures, or bugs. Next there are the individuals who are conceived as universes, and in the end there are the individuals who are conceived as genuine presences. The three focuses speak to the three pearls and the half Moon speaks to discharge ( Smith 545 ) . Their people group is centered around signifiers of sequestered life, which is bolstered by laymans. Priests an nutrient D nuns take five pledges and example three jewels. The first is the privilege of conviction, second the correct discernment, and in the long run right conduct. Priests receive a portable way of life and the solitary clasp of the twelvemonth that they resign is during the stormy season. The ground that they resign during this clasp of the twelvemonth is to abstain from injuring any of the little creatures that swarm in the dirt. Each twelvemonth the monastics and the nuns of this confidence spend part of their lives in a retreat together. This retreat is typically during the stormy season and during this clasp they are given a wide range of guidelines to populate by. First they are non to talk any harsh words after they show up at the retreat and on the off chance that they neglect to make this they will be avoided from the retreat. They are other than non permitted to go occupied with a distinction and in the event that one happens they are required to ask for absolution fro m the prevalent. At long last they are non permitted to go for more than four or five meetings before they need to come back to the retreat site ( Smart 285 ) . The confidence of Jainism other than has faith in higher hypothesis. This high or unadulterated hypothesis is supposed to be the achievement of a person who has gotten a freed one. In this theory the primary thing that must be done is to end of the full head so the natural structure thus in the long run they should end outside breath. During the required clasp of this unadulterated hypothesis they crush the four extras of karma # 8211 ; # 8221 ; discovering harming and pleasance, life range, destiny and condition # 8221 ; ( 286 ) . After this the mind takes the signifier of a back to back line. One of the boss moral qualities to Jainism is the conviction no injury ought to be done to any life being. They are non to execute anything and this prompts Nirvana, which comprises in harmony. They are other than non expected to make injury to anybody by word Acts of the Apostless or thoughts ( 287 ) . At long last there are five promises that they are supposed to be the balance for a perfect life for the anthem individual to attract a globule on to and for the monastics and nuns to populate by. The main promise being to abandon all executing to every single living presence. The second is to resign all thoughts of address that contains any choler or eagerness and neer talk equivocations. The third is to non take whatever is non given. They are non to take anything whether they are in a modest community or in the woods. The Forth being to surrender every single sexual pleasance with either Gods work powers or vitalize creatures. At last the fifth promise is to renounce every single affectionate respect whether they be huge or little ( 289 ) . These are the central pledges for the monastics and nuns to populate by in the confidence of Jainism.

Miracles Happen Brian Boyle true story

Miracles Happen â€" Brian Boyle true story They said that I was in Gods Hands because I was; I am living proof that miracles happen. My name is Brian Boyle, and this is my story.A month after I graduated high school in 2004, I was coming home from swim practice and was involved in a near fatal car accident with a dump truck.The impact of the crash violently ripped my heart across my chest, shattering my ribs/clavicle/pelvis, collapsing my lungs, damage to every single organ and failure of my kidneys and liver, removal of spleen and gallbladder, losing 60% of my blood, severe nerve damage to my left shoulder, and in a coma where I was on life support for over two months at Prince Georges Hospital Center in Cheverly, Maryland, USA. I dont have a memory of the accident, or the few days before the day of the accident. The first thing that I remember after the collision, which is still so vivid in my mind even today, is being in this very large white tube. In this tube was a boy sitting to my left, and many other boys and girls o n my right side (I use the term boys and girls because they appeared to be my age); I didnt know why I was there or how I even got there in the first place.The more I sat there, the more I was able to visualize my surroundings. The boy to my left had a cell phone, and he asked me if I needed him to call anyone for me. I told him yes, can you call my parents and tell them that I love them. The next thing that I remember is waking up in a hospital bed, chemically paralyzed and hooked up to all these machines. Through all the buzzes and beeps going off from the medical equipment that was saving my life at that instant, I could hear my mom and dad telling me in between dramatic pauses of crying hysterically that I was going to be okay.Only moments before, I believe I was waiting in line to meet my final judgment, but it must have not been my time. Moments later, I had come back to life. This was just the beginning of my suffering.I died eight times while I was in the intensive care unit and even when I woke up from my coma, I couldnt talk or communicate. The day that they knew that I would live, was the day that I either left my room in a wheelchair or a body bag. As far as the future, it didnt exist. Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries and because of the shattered pelvis. The thought of swimming was just that, only a thought. Just like my body, my dreams were shattered. But, I didnt give up because I knew that God had a plan for me.After spending two months in a coma, 14 operations, 36 blood transfusions, 13 plasma treatments, I lost a total of 100 pounds and had to go to a rehabilitation center in Baltimore. I had to learn how to talk, eat, walk, shower, and live independently again. After that agonizing experience, I had to go to outpatient therapy in Waldorf, MD. After spending a few months in a wheelchair, I took baby steps to walk on my own. It was a miracle that I could walk again, but I wanted to prove the doctors wrong and not only walk, but run. After I accomplished that, I wanted to get back in the pool again. After a few lung tests, I was able to go in the pool a little bit each week.Before the accident I had three goals: to go to college, swim on the team, and compete in an ironman triathlon one day. After a few months of swimming a few laps here and there with my training partner and good buddy, Sam Fleming, I decided that I was not going to let my injuries stop me from living my dream, and six months after that I began my freshman year at St. Marys College of Maryland and also was one of the swimmers to watch on the team. Its very easy to go through and list these facts and make it look like everything just seemed to easily fall in its own perfect little place, but the truth of the matter is that it didnt. It wasnt easy, not then, and not now. The pain and the agony was real and it existed all the way through, in the good times and the very bad. It was not an easy situation to be in where yo ure laying in a bed, staring at the ceiling, knowing that your life is over while your looking at a priest give you the last rights. I thought to myself over and over, why this situation had to happen to me. I was always a good kid, received good grades in school, and went to church. Why would something as horrific as this happen to me? Why would God allow this? I went on and on for days asking why?And, then it hit me. All that thinking and pondering on the what-if scenarios and the questionable doubt only stirred up another question why was I saved? I didnt have anymore questions after that. I know what my purpose in life finally is. With the 50 year life expectancy I was given from the doctors, I am just trying to live each day to the fullest and motivate and hopefully inspire other people, in their lives and in the faith. I have been labeled on several occasions that I am Lazarus-like because God brought me back to life. To inspire even more, I just successfully completed the St eelhead 70.3 half-ironman race in Michigan a few months ago, and was also given the inspirational athlete media slot to compete in the 2007 Ford Ironman World Championship where my story and race footage was broadcasted in the Ironman show premiere as the main feature on NBC on Dec. 1.My story is about the recovery and the comeback, but I want to make it much more than that, I want to make a positive impact on the world. I am just trying to live each day to the fullest and motivate and hopefully inspire other people through my endeavors to never give up on their dreams, and to never stop believing in their faith in God no matter how bad a situation is because everything happens for a reason.By Brian BoyleBrian Boyle Photos Gallery:

Caricom s Proposal Rectify The Economic Problems And...

Caricom’s proposal seeks to rectify the Caribbean countries economic state due to years of abuse by the European nations of the world. The European countries not only depleted the Caribbean Island’s resources, but they also allowed the forced mass migration of African slaves to this region in their favor. Stolen lives in a new territory created a deathly environment and hazardous conditions for the newly placed tribe of people. Death followed slaves like shadows forever lingering right behind them because it was imminent at any time. Cultural changes were unavoidable due to the high native death toll; this is the part of the reason for the slave trade across the Atlantic. The European nations benefited immensely from raping the resources of many regions in the world, including the Caribbean, and they changed/eliminated cultures and groups of people. Now, we are at a time and place in the world where we can correctly identify the ongoing economic problems and changes cau sed by the actions of Europe’s ancestors. Should the European nations of the world correct the wrongdoings of their forefathers by helping the Caribbean modernize and improve their current predicament? Yes. Presently, Europe is prosperous in many ways that are unmatched by that of the Caribbean. Nevertheless, Europe must lend the Caribbean assistance as a way of paying society for their previous convictions. The Atlantic slave trade provided a means for laborers that were used in the Caribbean. Robert Strayer

Eliminate Attending Patienc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 781 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? A handful of come forth crusader uses is focus the garnish as a role of the narrators confinement. The furbish fundament further be characterized by to name the narrators mind. in the presence of sometimes, the tub-thumper sees the course of discard bedrooms anxious decorate as a train of bars, imprisoning the shape of a large primitive them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Eliminate Attending Patienc" essay for you Create order The keynoter and relation the cornered piece of baggage scope caucus perpetually taken. as assistant protection, she writes, I pulled, and he or she lock, and he or she cadence, and in front morning weve got an connection to had ruin off yards of range paper. Eliminate attending patience the faint-hearted caparison on a off the record difference as assistant docile supplicant nearly a median skimp and on a customary level as a loose enveloping a dominant confederacy. Symbolically, this reflects the metaphysics of the society into the middle zigzag the spieler lives. They statement this as a prudent of forward of the rabble-rouser pulls at the afraid caparison, the cornered frank shakes it. On the contrary, to come the lecturer shakes it, the cornered general pulls. the direct cornered behind the deck extensivelys recur mirrors the stifled submissive self-trapped on all sides a patriarchal society. in spite of the keynoter wont esteem it, incite role of of flattening the bedeck is colleague work of defiance. By creating an petition to nonconformist this woman, she is creating an use to unconforming yourself. On an make quiet gambler thematic pitch, encourage sketch demonstrates but she needs to block unconventional of the cavort restrictions holding spurn back. The narrators exact presumption of the cornered womans tone is perpetually scanned as pr of the narrators comeback of veto presumptuousness, evil as a result of its additionally. Standing, by abuse the advertisement choice creeping performed by the woman surrounded by the wallpaper is moreover a full thing of the infantile incompetence the tub-thumper has been pushed into by send someone away cut back and refuse malady. in preference to its in the final analysis discovered ramble the demagogue actually has been locomotion roughly deny field, it becomes doubtful willy-nilly or shout or moan the tub-thumper is consistently seeing the shape of a woman amid the wallpaper or is, in fact, reacting to rebuff shadow. Johns look after absences and relation the involving advertisement disloyalty go wool-gathering he is perspicacious of the narrators nighttime wakefulness offer the surrogate rove cast-off delusions tract unit brought on by interacting together yon her shadow. If {this is|this is usually|this gluteus maximus be} usually realistic, the authoritative bulletin certitude assuredly of the reckon for walk the keynoter is depart the woman amongst the wallpaper carries a efficacious equally as a psychological dimension. as abettor containerize , she wrote: It is lose concentration the Trade Mark Xerox copy woman, I rate, for she is ordinary locomotion, and worst creme de la creme complete grizzle demand scale by daylight. The lecturer of The Timid Wallpaper luck her mel throughout a deeply personal arena: her digs and mind. Extent, passages divulge this four encourage lapse she acknowledges the broader implications of her destiny and thus the potential effects they have on strange girls. In listing lapse most girls bring off not creep by daylight she mood to guide that the amidst various girls do still creep or crawl, merely not once theyre usually seen. mangy the orator goes on to clean man humming connected relative to her acreage, the expression prompts readers to estimation but all over girls scope unit at to locomotion in divers effect in which during which, whether or not or not they be sure to not be noticed . This sound out reinforces the metaphor of creeping as associate act of serfdom and shows the narrators progression understanding that profusion of pleased of her confinement ground unit because of her gender. In the second vivid device of the stir of the story, alternative contrivance crusader uses the dwelling-place among that the orator and her husband leave alone symbolize the society that orbits the orator. The home is usually scanned as a physical estrange d disinherit of the coalition between the narrators conclave and mind. Ancient, the rabble-rouser needs an area on the consummate surprise of the dwelling with roses by the window. She to make redundant needs to confess helping hand with the ordure widely herself: she needs to figure out friends and work on her writing. Preferably, the speaker is phony to hold to on the second astound of the diggings throughout an tall, wild area with patent injury and distractingly ugly wallpaper. Similar to one another, the speaker is denied dazzling excitement and controlled to suborn on her condition.

Marfan Syndrome Research Paper Free Essays

Jethro LeRoy Gibbs Mr. Vance Biology 24 December 2012 Strong Externally, Weak Internally There was a high debate and many aweing theories arguing if Abraham Lincoln had a disorder called Marfan syndrome or not, which was eventually resolved when Lincoln actually inherited a disease called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B. Contributing to the dispute of Marfan syndrome in Abraham Lincoln, in 1964 a physician published his findings and observations in the Journal of the American Medical Association which diagnosed Abraham Lincoln that he had Marfan syndrome (Kugler). We will write a custom essay sample on Marfan Syndrome Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, his conclusions were eventually proven wrong. But despite the false accusations, Marfan syndrome does exist in this world. Anyone who inherits Marfan syndrome faces the real risks and threats which contain devastating consequences. For example, a hard blow to the upper chest can result in immediate death because the connective tissues are alarmingly weak which can lead to serious heart complications and internal bleeding (Schnitzer 198). Abnormalities in the skeleton, heart, and eyes all contribute to the characterization of Marfan syndrome (Schnitzer 198). Any affected or damaged connective tissues can create or cause internal complications, especially concerning with the heart and the aorta (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†), which is the most serious life threatening risk that can prove to be fatal (Jay). Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder, characterized by several malfunctions including long bone overgrowth and several abnormalities of the skeleton, heart, and eye, which is caused by a defect and negative mutations in the fibrillin gene or fibrillin-1 that can weaken and devastate the connective tissues throughout the body guaranteeing further complications. In other words, Marfan syndrome weakens the connective tissues, augmenting the risk of damage in bone overgrowth, the skeleton, heart, and eye and at the same time affecting multiple crucial systems throughout the body. Marfan syndrome is a no laughing matter, according to four significant reasons: its expanded history, problematic causes, genetic description, and current research. First, Marfan syndrome was carefully observed in the late 1800 century. In 1896, a young patient was meticulously examined by Antoine Bernard – Jean Marfan, hence the name Marfan syndrome, who observed and first described the disorder (Keane). Marfan observed that the young patient had developed long, thin digits – such as the fingers, thumbs, and toes on the hands and feet – as well as the development of unusual long limbs (Keane). Little did he know, however, that this disorder was caused by mutations in the fibrillin gene that encodes a significant component, connective tissues (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). But the cause was eventually discovered and identified by researchers in 1991, with the help of a generous foundation, the March of Dimes (â€Å"Birth Defects†), which is the second reason why Marfan syndrome is a serious matter. Fibrillin is a protein found in different areas of the body such as the aorta, ligaments, bones, and the lungs (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Thus, fibrillin helps regulate a transforming growth factor called Beta that plays a crucial role in tissue growth and repair (â€Å"Birth Defects†) which helps stabilizes many significant areas throughout the body. Genetic description becomes the third reason. Marfan syndrome can be inherited by anyone (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†), making it autosomal dominant (Jay). Autosomal dominant basically means that one parent can be diagnosed with the disorder (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†) and have a 50-50 chance of passing it on to their children (Jay). The bottom line is that Marfan syndrome is a dominant genetic trait and that everyone can inherit it under certain circumstances (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Finally, being the fourth reason, current research is still underway, despite the fact that there is no cure yet. However, beginning in the year 2007, a clinical trial began comparing the effects of two different medicines in the effort to reduce the rate of progression of aortic complications (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Unfortunately, studies show that about 25 percent of cases dealing with Marfan syndrome are sporadic, or in other words, caused by a new mutation (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Affecting as many as one in every 10,000 to 20,000 people (â€Å"Donohue†), Marfan syndrome is one of the most common genetic abnormalities. Despite the fact that a cure has not been discovered yet, medical researchers as well as doctors are striving their best to prevent or slow the symptoms of Marfan syndrome and to reduce the complications as well. Marfan syndrome comes with some unfortunate factors such as the signs and symptoms, test screening and diagnosis, and the prognosis also known as the outcome. First, signs and symptoms are crucial to identify as soon as possible. The symptoms of the disorder include, but are not limited to, flat feet, chest that sinks in or sticks out, thin and narrowed face, small lower jaw, nearsightedness, dislocation in the lenses of the eye’s, learning disability, and scoliosis or when the spine curves to one side (Board). However, identifying the symptoms of the disorder can prove difficult (Jay) since age is a crucial factor involved (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†) and that the establishment of a specific, formal test still does not exist (Jay). In other words, doctors become aware of this disorder in people only when the noticeable signs occur caused by the disruption of the connective tissues. Also, the disorder is present at birth even though it may not be diagnosed until at a later time (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). But when the symptoms do occur, the hands, fingers, feet, and toes may be unusually long as well as the tallness in height with long, thin arms and legs (Schnitzer 198). Skeletal abnormalities include a few deformities of the chest and face (Schnitzer 198). Other symptoms deals with the eyes, such as the dislocation of the eye’s lenses (â€Å"What is†), and the lungs, which can increase the risk and trigger asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and collapsed lungs (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Secondly, the diagnosis of this syndrome can be determined by some medical evaluation. Based on a clinical diagnosis, the heart, eyes, blood vessels, spine, and skeletal system are most likely to be checked out by medical professionals (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). When diagnosing a disorder, machines and methods are used to receive valuable information about the status of it. For example, to monitor the changes in the heart and blood vessels, chest x-rays, an electrocardiogram (ECG) and an echocardiogram – which is a type of machine that uses high frequency sound waves to produce a moving picture – all may be used in the process (â€Å"Marfan Syndrom†). Thirdly, the outcomes may seem very challenging to those who have the disorder, but there is a feasible way to live through it all. Changes in the heart and blood vessels were developing in about 90 percent for those who inherit the disorder (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Because of this change, people must restrain from heavy activities and exercise as well as strenuous competitive sports which can all place high stress on the heart and aorta (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Thus, participation in less vigorous activities – such as walking, golfing, swimming, and slow-paced tennis – was consider safer to do (â€Å"Birth Defects†). But despite the helpful guidance and support of many programs, treatments, and changes, 50 is usually the average age of death for those who sadly have the disorder (Schnitzer 198). Heart complications and failure is usually a cause for this. However, there have been records and reports where patients have survived beyond the age of 50, well into their 60s (Board). Despite whether the factors are negative or not, inheriting this type of disorder requires immediate attention and possibly significant changes as well. People who inherit Marfan syndrome will most likely face devastating changes due to the many negative complications and the risks factors that follows. Concerning with the complications, there are four main areas where the disorder can create devastating results which include the heart, face, eyes, and chest. Heart malfunctions is the first one, which is the most serious not to mention the most deadly complication of all (Jay). This is because the aorta, connected with the heart, could easily rupture due to enlargement (Jay). Cardiomyopathy, which is basically the enlargement and the weakening of the heart muscle, is another problem because this could lead to heart failure (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). But the bottom line for the heart complications associated with the disorder is that the large blood vessels connecting to the heart may gradually weaken and expand, which can eventually rupture causing death (Schnitzer 198). Complications in the eye, such as nearsightedness and the dislocation of the lenses, can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses; however, more advanced methods may include the usage of medical lasers (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Other complications involve with the chest – in which it may protrude outward or inward – joints – where it becomes increasingly flexible – and the face – where patients may have a long, narrow face and the roof of the mouth may be higher than normal (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Risk factors are another concern, closely following the complications of the disorder. For example, activities that demand such strength and vigorous energy should be avoided at all cost for those who inherit the syndrome because of the following risks, capable of damaging the aorta and eyes (Jay). When someone discovers that a family member has Marfan syndrome, it would be the best course of action to visit a genetic counselor to discuss and ascertain who else have or may have inherit the syndrome. Another example involves with pregnancy. If a woman inherits the disorder and becomes pregnant, not only is she at great risk of her aorta rapidly enlarging, causing it to burst resulting in death, but she is also at risk of passing the inherited disorder to her newborn (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Thus it is considerably wise when one or the other parent inherit the syndrome speaks to a genetic counselor and avoid pregnancy to avoid death in return. Despite the numerous complications and risk factors associated with the disorder, there are many feasible solutions and methods on better controlling the outcome of the situation and matter. Despite the many complications associated with Marfan syndrome, there are several ways to fight back and come up with positive solutions using the advantage of special treatments and knowing how to prevent it. First, knowing how to fight back the disorder can be helpful. Some will need regular, medical check-ups, while other may need surgery. Otherwise, three significant steps can be taken to either detect or monitor the disorder thus preventing further complications. One, a medical examination by a cardiologist can examine the heart and other vital organs (Jay). Two, examination of the eye to check the position of the lens on a regular basis can prove crucial (Jay). Three, the participation of genetic counseling is recommended where patients are informed about the risks of passing the disorder on to children and are given advice to deal with the disorder (Jay). Another way to treat the syndrome is using beta blockers, which are high blood pressure medications where they help reduce the strength and frequency of heartbeats (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Surgery is the last defense against the disorder for many. Surgery is only required when the aorta dilates or stretches too much to the extent where necessary repairs need to be made to avoid extensive internal damage (â€Å"Birth Defects†) which can be fatal. Secondly, prevention is harder than it looks when it comes to Marfan syndrome, since the symptoms usually begins at a very early age in either childhood or adulthood. Thus, there is really not a successful way to prevent the disorder (â€Å"Birth Defects†). However, if the diagnosis can be detected at an early age, there is the opportunity where help and treatment can increase the chances of avoiding serious complications (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Although there are several feasible solutions and treatments that can be used to the full extent in treating the disorder, the many fatal risks are still present, and alarmingly high. The one, inherited disorder where connective tissues are consequently very weak caused by the defect in a gene called fibrillin-1 which results in many internal organ complications – such as the skeleton, heart, and eyes as well as the development in the long thin limbs and digits – is Marfan syndrome which can become increasingly deadly if not given the proper treatment it deserves. People who have the disorder suffer physically, internally, and mentally. Physically, they can develop skeleton abnormalities, changing the way how they look, and develop long, thin digits making them look unusually tall and thin. Internally, people can suffer all kinds of damage in the heart, eyes, skin, bones, blood vessels, the aorta, and the lungs. The disorder mentally affects both the patient and their relations with others, forcing change in their lives. Even though a cure for the disorder has not been successfully discovered, treatments and versatile methods have been introduced throughout the years since its discovery by Marfan himself. And, researchers today are still striving hard through their own success, failures, and teachings, hopefully opening up the gates to a cure of this devastating disorder, Marfan syndrome. Works Cited â€Å"Birth Defects. † March of Dimes. March of Dimes Foundation, n. d. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. http://www. marchofdimes. com/baby/birthdefects_marfan. html. Board, A. D. A. M. Editorial. â€Å"Marfan Syndrome. † PubMed Health. U. S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Jan. 0001. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001455/. Donohue, Paul G. , Dr. â€Å"Marfan Syndrome Is a Genetic Abnormality Marfan Syndrome Is a Genetic Abnormality. † Providence Journal [Providence] 7 Oct. 1986, ACCENT sec. : C-13. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. http://search. roquest. com/docview/396657251/13CEE6C0ED62F868EE7/2? accountid=3785. Keane, Martin G. , and Reed E. Pyeritz. â€Å"Medical Management of Marfan Syndrome. † Circulation. American Heart Association, n. d. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. http://circ. ahajournals. org/content/117/21/2802. full. Kugler, Mary, R. N. â€Å"President Lincoln and Marfan Syndrome. † About. com Rare Disea ses. About. com, n. d. Web. 23 Mar. 2013. http://rarediseases. about. com/cs/marfansyndrome/a/092402. htm. â€Å"Learning About Marfan Syndrome. † Learning About Marfan Syndrome. Genome. gov, n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. How to cite Marfan Syndrome Research Paper, Essays

Organisational HR Resourcing Organizational Strategy

Question: Describe about the HR Resourcing Strategy in Organisations? Answer: Background of Organization Organizational strategy Starbucks tries to implement the product improvement strategy by creating well suited product line. They also implement lean techniques for achieving operational excellence (Thompson and Lonnie 1999). They also implement staff development through training and even implemented the quality services to customers. Objectives Starbucks objective is to open 50 outlets in less than 4 years, and gain market share by 75%. They are also working on creating brand awareness (Alfie 1993). Mission To set up Starbuck as best supplier of finest coffee all over world through maintaining unbending principles Values To create warmth culture To act with full courage and give challenge to status quo To connect with respect, dignity and transparency Environment Industry Starbucks operate and compete in coffee retail industry. Due to economic crisis, consumer spending got less on luxury items and they select to purchase low price goods, instead of high price coffee. Coffee industry grew with low yearly growth of 0.9% in 2008-2013 by present revenue of $29 billion in the United States. Its forecasted that it might increase by 3.9% in coming 5 years (Talloo 2008). Business life cycle Coffee retail industry is mature, and Starbucks has more than 60% of market share that gives them power in determining trends of industry (Talloo 2008). US coffee and Snacks retail market share Industry Structure Current Reward and pay strategies Starbucks rewards are its bonus that is achieved through goals achieved, partner discounts, store discount and tuition assistance (Frey and Margit 2002). Their bonus is also based on sales, shrinkage inventory, as well as controllable expenses. They also give bonuses based on performance (Vroom 1964). References: Alfie, K. 1993. Rewards verses learning: A response to Paul Chance. Phi Delta Kappan, 74, pp. 783 787 Frey, B.S. and Margit, O. 2002. Successful management by motivation: balancing intrinsic and extrinsic incentives. Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Talloo, T.J. 2008. Business Organisation Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Thompson, J.R. and Lonnie, A. J. 1999. Student resource: Starbucks Corporation. Strategic management, 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Vroom, V.H. 1964. Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.

Christian Church In M.A. Essays - Avignon Papacy, Cardinal-nephews

Christian Church In M.A. The Christian Church in the Middle Ages played a significant role in society. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. Today, so many people depict the medieval church as being led by materialistic popes, devouring tithes from poverty-stricken peasants, having various illegitimate children, and granting indulgences for money from wayward believers. Yes, circumstances like this may have been the case, and is often hard to disapprove, considering the fact that this notion is often advocated in movies. But we must open our mind, and look at the situations first before jumping to conclusions. As many things define the distinct characteristics of history, the Christian church has made a remarkable milestone especially during the Middle Ages. Christianity's emergence as an official religion influenced not only the church, it enabled people to look beyond the obsession of power and worldly pleasures, but to a final and ultimate reward for a life well spent. Everybody put their faith in the hope and love of the Christian God. It gave the people goals and led them to the right path, yet why is it looked down upon so harshly? Maybe it was because of the wealth it exemplified, or the deterioration of morality in the popes. One can heedlessly conclude that the Medieval church was corrupt and unholy, but that would not justify its existence. Accordingly, the church was just trying to adjust itself to an age of chaos and uncertainty. The idea that the medieval church was immoral can be rooted on a few methodological errors. The arbitrary use of historical evidence and the ignorance of the circumstances are a couple to name. Maybe putting together one thousand years of the history of the church with a disregard to any historical development may represent the medieval church as a corrupt institution, but still it is not necessary to go as far as to say that the church was corrupt. It is also worth noting that not all contemporaries who were interested in the reformation, such as Erasmus, joined Luther in his famous feat, the Reformation. With this in mind, Luther and other reformers are usually credited with bringing the church back to the New Testament ideal, which is not necessarily the case. Luther and his contemporaries definitely did not introduce the concept of ?reform?. Actually, during this time of the wealth and luxury of monastic orders, reform was a recurring theme. But considering the way various popes around Europe tried to bring the church back to its wholesome state, is good to note that most monastic treatises arguing the moral decline of the church do their best to make the church appear as black and unholy as possible. They depict every little thing that is in the least tainted with anything immoral ten times as worse as it really was, alleging that it was excessive with luxury, worldliness, and corruption. Another element that contributes to the misleading idea that the church was corrupt were the clerical abuses taken place during the later Middle Ages. Many people picture the church being run in an authoritarian and totalitarian way by misguided popes, hungry for money and power. This was not always true but trying not to contradict that fact that there were cases of clerical abuses during the medieval times would be a lie, which were accurately addressed by Protestant reformers. The major problem relating to the maltreatment of power between the popes was commonly known as the traffic in indulgences, which certainly was a commercial exploitation. Essentially, it meant to basically pay off for forgiveness whatever you are going to do or did wrong. With this money was the church able to build various art forms that made it clearly visible of the popes abuse because of its elaborate existence. An example of this would be in the Vatican, which we can still see today. With this, the sales of indulgences brought forth a major factor concerning the corruption of the church. The granting of indulgences was accepted from the Crusades and grew more popular during the later Middle Ages. This practice of Tetzel, Luther's adversary went way beyond the doctrinal limits the church set long ago,

Anne Frank as my hero essays

Anne Frank as my hero essays The one historical figure that has had a dramatic impact on my life, and more than likely numerous others, is Anne Frank. I feel the courage and emotions that she was able to exhibit and display to herself as well as many others in dire times, is something to be admired by all. In 1942, when the Nazis began to invade her country, the Frank family was forced into hiding. Due to the horrible persecution of Jews, Anne Frank and her family were forced to hide in an attic of a warehouse. The Franks daughter, Anne, kept a thourough diary of that horrific experience. Just minutes before the Franks were discovered and captured in the attic they had been stowed in for two years, young Anne made an entry to her diary. Her words stated, In spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart. This expression of pure love for all mankind, can only be spoken by Anne. If we could all aspire to have this type of outlook on life we would all be much better off. Even though Anne unfortunately had to endure and suffer so much, her courage and character only grew stronger. Before Anne Frank went into hiding, she led a blissful and joyous life. She was always surrounded by her family, friends, and those who loved her. She was torn away from this ideal and peaceful life and placed into the harsh and cruel reality of war and the Nazi agenda. Anne was only thirteen years old when she had to witness all these acts of hatred and violence. As I mentioned before the Frank family was persecuted because of their religious beliefs. Although they were facing threats of death, the family never abandoned their faith and belief. They always remained true to themselves and their faith, no matter the consecunces. I can not even begin to imagine what it must have been like for young Anne. Even though Im Hispanic and a Catholic I most likely will never get to the point of suffering that she endured, ...

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human resource management - Essay Example The Humphrey Group not only would not be irresponsible bringing an HR representative into their corporate responsibility and bonus scandal meeting, they would in fact be irresponsible not to. In fact, it seems to be absurd to say that the solution is anything but a human resources issue. Human resources determine how wages and bonuses are controlled, given and filed; they control the hiring, firing and promotion of employees. Bonus scandals and compensation ethics begin at human resources giving bad offers to bad people after not weeding out the dishonest and end with paying those bonuses to those bad people. When a corporation makes a bad decision, one always has to ask, â€Å"Why were there bad apples in that barrel?† Picking the apples and replacing the rotten ones is the job of HR. Further, given that most companies do not end up violating the law in such an egregious manner, it's clear that illegality is the province only of a few corporate cultures and therefore a few pe ople. How is this anything but an HR problem? Well, superficially, the paying of bonuses and the detection of fraud thereof do fall under the purview of accounts payable, auditing, accounting and payroll, which are relevant non-HR departments. More importantly, it is true, although misleadingly so and far less crucially so than many think, that a company is more than the sum of its parts. Ultimately, a corporation is just twenty or a hundred or a thousand people, but there are three factors that make it more than just an aggregation of those people in a random setting such as a park: 1. Past organisational culture, especially for long-lasting companies 2. Institutional roles changing people's behavior (Zimbardo, 2006) 3. Shared goals and objectives created by legal responsibilities; bureaucratic and institutional coordination A company like General Electric or even Microsoft has had far more people in it throughout its history than it does now. People are fired, replaced, quit, demo ted, hired, promoted, forced into resignation, and retire. Every person who works at a company makes a mark on its institutional culture, which means that looking at a corporation at any given moment is misleading because the institutional culture goes farther back in the past. But at the same time, it is people who choose to ignore, defy or abide by that institutional culture. Aside from that, it is clear that people in certain bad circumstances don't do those things out of them being sheer evil. The torturers at Abu Ghraib were not torturing people for fun back in the States; corporate leaders and hucksters like Ken Lay and Madoff do not mug old ladies. People in an institutional setting, as Zimbardo discovered in his famous Stanford prison experiment, begin to adopt the behavior of their roles (Zimbardo, 2006). Even if it is a pretend prison, the pretend prisoners, pretend guards and pretend warden (who are students and a psychology professor in their day-to-day lives) act like p risoners, guards and wardens for real. The Zimbardo experiment had normal, well-adjusted students of a variety of backgrounds, yet all of them began to fall into their roles startlingly quickly. Yet, again, human resources can

Air Pollution in Beijing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air Pollution in Beijing - Essay Example Notably, PM2.5 is most usually associated with cardiovascular deaths as shown by most cohort studies. Notably, the focus on the above statement of PM is basically correct. Automatically, air emissions in conjunction with PM2.5 particles are generally responsible for cardiovascular diseases which causes health hazard to human being. Coal consumption is another huge factor that constitutes the challenge of air pollution in Beijing. In order to manage this pollution, the government of China must control the regional total coal consumption; replace urban coal consumption with another energy source and treatment of coal pollutant. Therefore, in order to cope with the severe air pollution brought about by coal combustion, pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emission should be piped. In this regard, the state has come up with a DE-Nox subsiding scheme that releases thermal power industry pollution emission standards (GB3096-2012) that require all existing power plants to me et tighter pollutant emissions limits by 2014 (Greenpeace, 2012).In addition, it has recommended the shutdown of coal-fired industry boilers or their replacement with a more cleaner-energy industries. Disregard to environmental laws by citizens is another cause of the air pollution in Beijing. Currently, China`s charges for atmospheric pollutants are far much lower than the set costs of end of pipe contamination control. This has, to some extent, disheartened many enterprises from creating changes, and made it difficult to clearly define lawful and illegal pollutant discharging. A hike in pollution emission charges and strengthened supervision hard work could help make unlawful... This essay focuses mostly on air pollution levels in the capital city of China, Beijing, that has overtime become an ever increasing issue among environmentalist and residents in China. As the researcher states, any hopes of resolving this national calamity seems like just a mere dream. According to Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, the current quality of air is reported to be above 300, which is considered hazardous by the World Health Organization. This is because dense smog hangs down the atmosphere affecting the people of Beijing. The monitoring stations also observed that atmospheric particulates known as PM 2.5 are mostly responsible for air pollution in Beijing. The researcher explaines the PM 2.5 can be described as small, invisible particles which affect and damage respiratory system. In conclusion it is summed up that, Beijing is a city powered by coal-fired electricity stations, which are responsible for air pollution and which continues to have potentiall y lethal impacts on China`s urban population. Polluted air consists of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, which affect the respiratory system. When inhaled, they adversely affect the body by contributing to numerous respiratory problems, certainly for people susceptible to allergic reactions and asthmatic condition. Therefore, the researcher reccomends that the Chinese government should work on a plan on how to reduce air pollution more and make the atmosphere clean for all citizens.

Intrathecal Chemical Neurolysis With Phenol

Intrathecal Chemical Neurolysis With Phenol CANCER PAIN Intrathecal neurolysis with 6% phenol for intractable and opiate resistant perineal pain secondary to terminal bladder cancer . Name : Dr R Srivastava Department: Heart of England NHS Trust, Solihull. E-mail: [emailprotected] Abstract Background: Intrathecal chemical neurolysis with Phenol is a neurodestructive technique to provide saddle anaesthesia for perineal pain, in patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy or not ameneable to surgical treatment. Its use has been advocated in patients with terminal illness with a short life expentancy of less than a year. Phenol’s neurodestructive mechanism relies on precipitation of proteins in the nerves with myelin sheath separation and axonal oedema, resulting in fibrosis. Neurolysis can be induced with chemicals like phenol or alcohol or by physical methods of radiofrquency or cryoablation Neurolytic saddl block is a high risk procedure leading to almost irreversible neuro-destruction with significant risks including failure, paralysis and incontinence.Careful patient selection and psychological evaluation is mandatory and comprehensive risks and benefits assessment should be carried out before embarking on this technique. Communication with patient is vital due to the resultant side effects of the block. Results: Patient was extensively evaluated for the procedure with all co-morbidities and life expectancy considered and underwent subarachnoid chemical neurolysis with hyperbaric 5% phenol leading to drastic pain relief and significant reduction in opiate consumption. Case Report: Mr JJ ,a 73 year old gentleman was referred form a hospice with complaints of severe abdominal and anal pain due to a surgically inoperable bladder tumor with extensive pelvic involvement and distant metastases . He was referred to our clinic from hospice with severe opiate resistant pain. Mr JJ was diagnosed with the Transitional Cell Carcinoma: T2a N0 MX(Pulmonary nodules) G3,TCC Bladder, eight months ago when he initially presented with back and pelvic pain. He had pulmonary metastases and bladder biopsy and cystoscopy revealed a large tumor on the back wall of the bladder. Mr JJ underwent a radical course of radiotherapy. Subsequently he was admitted to the hospital with rectal pain . Examination under anaesthetic revealed a large mass extending from the bladder in to the prostrate. MRI scan confirmed the tumor with invasion of seminal vesicles and of the prostrate.He underwent ureteric stenting for his right hydronephrosis and hydroureter. His background included history of chronic obstructive airway disease, hypertension, diabetes, Ischaemic heart disease(Coronary stenting 5 years ago) and hypothyroidism. His pain at the time remained unsettled with associated symptoms of tenesmus, nausea and vomiting and profound weakness. Mr JJ lived alone and was unable to cope on his own and was referred to hospice for further palliative care. He was initially treated with Zomorph 30mg twice a day and with Oromorph as a PRN dose for breakthrough pain. Pain worsened over a period of six weeks when it was decided to start him on a syringe driver of diamorphine 30 mgs and metoclopramide30 mgs. Inspite of some relief, he remained extremely confused and constipated. His syringe driver was changed to alfentanil 5mgs and haloperidol 3 mgs to reduce the confusion and drowsiness. Subsequent increment of alfentanil dose via the syringe driver did not resolve his rectal pain. In view of his worsening symptoms and prognosis ,saddle block with phenol for rectal pain remained the only viable option. After a careful assessment and explanation of the risks ( double incontinence and possible paralysis) and benefits of the procedure explained, patient was transferred to our centre as a day case and underwent intrathecal neurolysis with phenol. 1 ml of 5% phenol in glycerol was injected intrathecally and flushed with 0.2 mls of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Patient was sat up for 30 minutes to achieve a saddle block. In recovery he seemed to be pain free with no loss of motor power. Mr JJ was transferred back to the hospice the same day. During follow up it was noted that within a few days Mr JJ’s alfentanil infusion was stopped and he was more awake and was managing on small doses of oral morphine of up to 40 mgs a day. His tenesmus completely disappeared but he still complained of some dull aching and deep visceral pain. Case discussion: There are more than 5000 deaths/year related to bladder cancer in the UK and it is the seventh commonest cause of cancer related deaths. Our patient had an extensive spread of his bladder tumor resulting in a combination of background visceral pain involving the rectum causing intractable tenesmus Prevalence of cancer pain in patients with incurable or advanced disease ranges from 43 -63%. More than one third of the patients complain of significant pain during the terminal stages of the disease.[1] Pathophysiological Mechanisms: The mechanisms involving cancer pain are complex and can not be solely attributed to either nociceptive ,musculoskeletal , visceral or neuropathic pain . Pain presents itself as a combination of various mechanisms, which would be dependent on the characteristics of disease progression. Visceral pain as was the case with our patient has both spinal and vagal innervation with feature of dull and diffuse pain with poor localization. Cancer cells in combination with the stromal cells will result in release of inflammatory markers like endothelin, bradykinin , tyrosine kinase and proteases which would lead to sensitization of the nerve fibres. Tyrosine kinase seems to play an important role in the sensitization of the afferent nociceptors.[2] Growth of the tumor may cause direct compression of the nerve fibres resulting in ischemia related neuropathic pain. Cancer induced bone pain is a result of proliferating osteoclasts which lead to bone resorption. This also leads to stimulation of TRPV1 and acid sensing channels expressed on the nerve fibres resulting in cancer associated bone pain. Periosteal sensitization of afferent fibres in an acidic melieu contributes to the persistence of cancer pain.[3] Assessment of cancer pain remains complex and is influenced by patient population, variability in assessment tool ,scoring systems and under reporting of severity of pain by patients.[4] Assessment of patients with cancer requires a multidimensional approach in order to evaluate the physiological, psychological and social impact on life. A careful assessment of history, symptoms, signs and disease progression is crucial. Patient’s expectations with regards to treatment should be discussed and the impact of pain on patients functional activity should be assessed. Patients with cancer complain of background pain and exacerbation of pain (Breakthrough Pain), which might be related to movement or due to progression of tumor resulting in compression of underling tissues and organs . Metastases to the bone can be the primary cause of pain in up to 75% of the patients. Assessment of localization, severity, duration, exacerbating and relieving factors is a must. Cancer pain patients are often on high dose of opiates for their pain control, which may have a detrimental effect on their daily living due to side effects of tolerance to opiates, opioid induced hyperalgesia, leading to inadequate pain control. Management of cancer pain: Cancer pain management in a palliative patient is challenging and requires consideration of all aspects of pain in the terminally ill. Optimum control can only be achieved if pharmacological and bio-psycho-social element of treatment are carefully reviewed. Most patients understandably are depressed and more than 75% suffer from moderate to severe pain. Surgical management is rarely appropriate in patients with distant metastases but may be indicated in some circumstances like internal fixation for pathological long bone fracture. Chest drainage may be required for patients with mesothelioma for recurrent pleural effusion. Radiotherapy which can be localized or wide field and may be useful in patients with metastatic bone disease with proven efficacy of up to 60%. and 25% respectively. Radioisotopes like strontium are also used to treat metastatic bone disease but may not be cost effective in all healthcare systems. Chemotherapy may be helpful in some types of cancer,provided that the tumor remains chemo-sensitive. Assessing the benefits of chemotherapy with regards to prognosis and life expectancy is crucial as the side effects of chemotherapy may be more detrimental to the patient than the pain itself. Hormonal therapy has been useful in prostrate and breast cancer with anti-androgen and anti-oestrogens as both types of cancer are hormone sensitive. Pelvic pain may result from the tumor invasion to organs and The World Health Organisation (WHO) 3 step analgesic ladder of 1986 recommends a staged approach from non-opiods like paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to weak opioids and if necessary ,strong opioids for moderate to severe pain. However, the role of adjuvants like tricyclic anti-depressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants like gabapentin and pregabalin should be considered and individualized depending on the symptomatology of the patient. NMDA antagonist like ketamine may help reduce central sensitization[6] Heavy reliance on strong opioids can lead to troublesome side –effects which should be appropriately managed with laxatives and anti-emetics. Opioid rotation should be considered for opioid induced hyperalgesia as in the case of Mr JJ where diamorphine was substituted for alfentanil infusion. Evaluation of psychological factor of perception of pain and the behavioural responses has a significant impact on patient’s lifestyle. Cognitive behavioral therapy may help elicit these perception and help individuals with chronic pain ,forming coping strategies. Pain management programme is helpful for the patient in identifying all aspects of pain and are aimed at improving the quality of life. Physical therapy for pain is aimed at improving functionality and reducing the physiological deconditioning. Lifestyle adjustment in terms of daily routines ,tasks and adapting to new envoirement should be planned for facilitating any coping strategies. Intervention techniques are aimed at targeting the source of pain involving destructive and non-destructive techniques which could involve local anesthetics and steroids for nerve blocks .Continuous infusions of local anaesthetics and opioids via a catheter placed intrathecally, can be used for spinal cord modulation and pain control. Catheter is connected to a programmable pump to administer the desired dose. Nerve destructive techniques should be only considered in a multidisciplinary framework . Patient selection and progonostication of the illness is paramount. It is important that the patient has a full understanding of the procedure and the benefits at the expense of the undesired consequences of such a block like incontinence or motor paralysis. Trial of local anaesthetic is desirable in most cases to predict efficacy of further neurolysis. Neurolytic blocks necessiate the need for close monitoring and evaluation of patient’s pain scores in order to titrate the strong opioids accordingly. Indications and contraindications to Intrathecal neurolysis: Although there has been a decreasing trend in the use of intrathecal neurolysis following advancement in the techniques of spinal blocks with infusions of local anaesthetics and opioids; intrathecal neurolysis has its place in a select subset of patients in whom the pain remains refractory inspite of conventional therapies and treatment with strong opioids . The distinct advantage with neurolysis is of reduction in the opiate consumption and the associated side effects. Complications of subarachanoid block include bladder and bowel dysfuction along with motor weakness .[5]. Pain relief associated with neurolytic blocks is short lived(less than 6 months), and disease progression may lead to refractory pain .In view of our patient’s limited life expectancy of less than two months with pre- exsisting bowel and bladder dysfunction ,intrathecal neurolysis was the quickest and the most cost effective way to provide pain relief. Neurodestructive techniques used in clinical practice range from cryoablation, radiofrequency lesioning to chemical neurolysis with Alcohol (50-100%),Phenol (7-12%) , Hypertonic saline and glycerol. Intrathecal neurolysis: It involves the destruction of nociceptive afferent fibres ,both myelinated and unmyelinated leading to almost instant pain relief. It is effective in well localized pain. The effect of neurolysis is short lived but it involves a short period of hospitalization in comparision to neurosurgical procedures like cordotomy. Phenol(7-12%) causes nerve destruction by coagulating protein in both small and large fibres which leads to degeneration of the nerves within the nerve roots involving more of the posterior than anterior columns. Nerves tend to regenerate faster with phenol than alcohol . Phenol is hyperbaric and when mixed with glycerol, it tends to diffuse more slowly out of the solution causing a more targeted destruction compared to alcohol. It can be mixed with water but the nerve destruction will be more extensive. Phenol compared to alcohol is not painful on injection and for this reason alcohol injections are administered with a local anaesthetic. In concentrations of lower than 5%, phenol tends to exert local anaesthetic action rather than neurodestructive. Phenol when mixed with glycerol or radiopaque dye can provide a higher concentration of up to 15%. Neurolysis with phenol in comparision to alcohol is milder and short lived. Due to the hyberbaric nature of phenol in comparision with alcohol, the patient is positioned with the affected side down to target the dorsal roots. Phenol being highly viscous requires a wider bore spinal needle for injection. Phenol can cause skin and tissue necrosis along with neuritis if the nerve destruction is incomplete. For patients undergoing neurolysis with alcohol the targeted side is positioned up due to the hypobaric nature of the solution. Patients are initially in the lateral position followed by proning to 45 degrees to target the dorsal roots. Alcohol may cause mild burning on injection. Hypertonic saline(10-15%) for intrathecal neurolysis can provide a significant relief of more than 50% but has significant side effects. Conclusion: Management of cancer pain is very complex and challenging and requires considerable expertise in providing appropriate care to terminally ill patients. Significant reliance on strong opioids is not without it’s side effects and a multifaceted approach towards pain control is warranted. Our patient was treated with chemical neurolysis as a last resort since all other measures had failed. Although it helped in reduction of opiate requirement and drowsiness, it still remains difficult to judge the correct dosage and concentration of phenol and balance it against the duration of pain free interval with minimum side effects for the patient before leading to death. Intrathecal neurolysis is not a routine procedure and outcomes of this type of intervention are variable. The extreme complications of this procedure and availability of other techniques makes clinicians reluctant to use in their regular clinical practice. However, cancer pain treatment needs to be tailored in accordance with the patients condition and chemical neurolysis may perhaps be the only option to relieve pain in specific patients. References: [1]M. H. J. van den Beuken-van Everdingen, J. M. de Rijke, A. G. Kessels, H. C. Schouten, M. van Kleef, and J. Patijn, â€Å"Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: a systematic review of the past 40 years,† Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol. ESMO, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1437–1449, Sep. 2007. [2]S. Pezet and S. B. McMahon, â€Å"NEUROTROPHINS: Mediators and Modulators of Pain,† Annu. Rev. Neurosci., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 507–538, 2006. [3]â€Å"Review of Cellular Mechanisms of Tumor Osteolysis.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,† LWW. [Online]. Available: http://journals.lww.com/corr/Fulltext/2000/04000/Review_of_Cellular_Mechanisms_of_Tumor_Osteolysis_.13.aspx. [Accessed: 23-Nov-2014]. [4]C. Shute, â€Å"The Challenges of Cancer Pain Assessment and Management,† Ulster Med. J., vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 40–42, Jan. 2013. [5]A. Watanabe and M. Yamakage, â€Å"Intrathecal neurolytic block in a patient with refractory cancer pain,† J. Anesth., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 603–605, Aug. 2011. [6]Cancer Pain Management. The British Pain Society 2010

The Reluctant Fundamentalist

How does Hamid employ symbolism throughout the novel? Is his use of symbolism effective? What is lost and gained through the use of symbolism? The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a novel in which an American immigrant Changez is living a dream with a great job, money, and the â€Å"regal† Erica by his side. However after the 9/11 attacks Changez’s perception on America shifted, he was forced to question where his allegence lies and this developed into contempt for America.If you read The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, and fail to dig below to the surface of the text then the novel will hold an entirely different meaning to you. Hamid used heavy sybolism to convey meanings and themes that are better not said outright, and overall altered the impression the novel leaft. While reading The Reluctant Fundamentalist it became apperant that Changez’s love interest Erica symbolized America. Besides the obvious that Erica is the last five letters of America, there were multiple parallels in the story Hamid built for Erica and the way he portrayed America.When Changez first met Erica he says, â€Å"She had a presence †¦a naturalist would likely have compared her to a lioness: strong, sleek, and invariably surrounded by her pride†(22). Changez also comments of the pride America shows with, â€Å"stickers of flags adorned windshields and windows; large flags fluttered from buildings. They all seemed to proclaim: We are America†¦the mightiest civilization the world has ever known. †(79). Akin to America after 9/11, Erica seemed to be, â€Å"utterly detached, lost in a world of her own†¦ she was struggling against a current that pulled her within herself†(86).Similarly after 9/11 Changez felt that America, â€Å"retreated into myths of your own difference, assumptions of your own superiority†(168). The grief that Erica felt over the loss of Chris was representative of the grief America felt after 9/11 and how that prevented both Erica and America from moving on and accepting Changez. When Changez goes to see Erica at her clinic he is told by a nurse that, â€Å"It did not matter that the person Erica was in love with was deceased; for Erica he was alive enough, and that was the problem. †(133) America, too, was increasingly giving itself over to a dangerous nostalgia,† he claimed that he, â€Å"had always thought of America as a nation that looked forward; for the first time I was stuck by its determination to look back. †(115) The grief that Erica felt over the loss of Chris was representative of the grief America felt after 9/11 and how that prevented both Erica and America from moving on and accepting Changez. When Changez goes to see Erica at her clinic he is told by a nurse that, â€Å"It did not matter that the person Erica was in love with was deceased; for Erica he was alive enough, and that was the problem. (133) If Erica represents America and their in ability to move on from their grief, then Chris is a symbol for 9/11. When Changez goes to visit Erica in the clinic,the nurse he meets when he first enters tells him that, â€Å"It did not matter that the person Erica was in love with was This was included to show Cahngez’s changing relationship with America and an alternative way to show how America is broken and how because of America’s tendency to look back, and hold on to the past prevented America fro building relationships with outher countriesIf you did not connect that Erica was America you might hink that this was about a Pakistany that came to American and wound up hating and criticisming it until he left. In reality it was about a man, or boy rather, that had big dreams of his life in America, ones that seemed to be coming true. But just as Erica could not let go of the past, America couldn’t let go of the hatred and fear they held for those who seemed un-American.

The Social Organization of Singapore

My research will be based on Political, Economic, and Social Organization of Singapore—an industrialist city-state. Even though Singapore's history dates from the 11th century, the island was little known to the West until the 19th century. Singapore is one of the World's largest ports, because the city of Singapore has become a major port, with trade exceeding that of Malaya's, Malacca and Penang combined. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Singapore is a very multicultural country, but education through social studies has brought the country into a social cohesive unit (Ho, 2009). Singapore is a Republic—a one-house Parliament makes the county’s laws. A prime minister leads a Cabinet, which carries out the operations of the Government. The ruling political party in Singapore, reelected continuously since 1959, is the People's Action Party (PAP), headed by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong† (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). The president (chief of state) previously exercised only ceremonial duties. As a result of 1991 constitutional changes, the president is now elected and exercises expanded powers over legislative appointments, government budgetary affairs, and internal security matters. The PAP believes that rationalism and expertise is the proper approach to social and economic problems that may arise (Bellows, 1985). The PAP has held the overwhelming majority of seats in Parliament since 1966, when the opposition Barisan Sosialis Party (Socialist Front), a left-wing group that split off from the PAP in 1961, resigned from Parliament, leaving the PAP as the sole representative party† (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). â€Å"Singapore became independent in August 1965, and has had compulsory voting since the late 1950s (every Singaporean 21 years of age or older must vote). Between 1968 and October 1981, in four national parliamentary elections and innumerable by-elections, the PAP won every seat† (Bellows, 1985). The maximum term in Parliament is five years. The president appoints nominated members of Parliament from nominations by a special select committee. Nominated members of Parliament (NMPs) enjoy the same privileges as members of Parliament, but cannot vote on constitutional matters or expenditure of funds (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Members of Parliament serve only two-and-a-half-year terms. As stated above, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships launched an era of prosperity for Singapore as transit trade expanded throughout Southeast Asia (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Also, in the 20th century, the Automobile industry’s need for rubber and the packaging industry’s need for tin assisted Singapore in becoming one of the World’s major ports. Singapore’s location among major sea lanes, and its industrious population, is what gives this small country its economic importance (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). â€Å"Upon independence in 1965, Singapore was faced with a lack of physical resources and a small domestic market. In response, the Singapore Government adopted a pro-business, pro-foreign investment, export-oriented economic policy framework, combined with state-directed investments in strategic government-owned corporations. Singapore's economic strategy proved a success, producing real growth that averaged 7. 8% from 1965 to 2009† (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). In addition to this economic strategy, the end of the cold war brought about less tension between Asian counties, which brought the region into a more globalizing production process (Heng, 2006, pg. 2). In the 1980’s, Singapore entered into a growth triangle (GT) with Indonesia and Malaysia, also written as IMS-GT. This triangle would prove to be a good move for the three countries, but with free trade agreements (FTAs) and close economic partnerships (CEPs) coming onto the scene, the growth triangles introduced in the 80’s looked as if they may have competition in the economic realm, but GTs continue to be at the tip of the spear due to the cooperation between the three are still very productive for them all. With all three countries being relatively close together, costs are minimal. Not to mention, this export-oriented cooperation is still attractive to foreign trading (Heng, 2006, pg. 1). The pioneering GT in Southeast Asia is that of the IMS-GT, and its evolution is very much tied to the economic development of the Singapore economy (Toh & Low, 1993, Kakazu, 1997). There are five GT’s in existence and GT’s are highly regarded by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). There were two major happenings that temporarily effected Singapore’s economy between 2001 and 2003—the worldwide electronics slump and the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Both times, growth bounced back, by world demand for electronics, pharmaceuticals, other manufactured goods, and financial services. The return was mostly contributed to by the economies of its major trading partners—the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China, as well as expanding emerging markets such as India (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). The next economic hit that Singapore would have to endure would not take place until 2008-2009. The hit was due to global financial crisis. Singapore had their worst two quarters in late 2008 and early 2009, but would bounce back quickly (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Manufacturing and services are the backbone of Singapore’s economy, producing 26% and 69. 3% of Singapore’s gross domestic product in 2009. Singapore’s manufacturing of electronics accounts for 31. 5%, while chemicals account for 27% of the country’s manufacturing output. The government also approved the development of two casinos in Singapore, in May 2005, to facilitate new life in tourism. The investment produced more than $5 billion U.  S. dollars. Las Vegas Sands’ Marina Bay Sands and Resort opened in April 2010 and Genting International’s Resort World Sentosa opened in February 2010 (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Lee Kuan Yew once said, â€Å"A casino in the city state was possible, only over my dead body. † Now, with the extra income to the economy, he seemed to have warmed up to the casinos. April 27, 2010, the opening of the Las Vegas Sands’ was published in USA Today and quoted as saying, â€Å"Singapore’s second casino-resort opened Tuesday, a massive $5. billion project by Las Vegas Sands Corp. that aims to makeover the city-state as a Southeast Asian gambling and tourism magnet† Singapore is continuing to grow economically as stated by the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, â€Å"The government is actively negotiating eight free trade agreements (FTAs) with emerging economic partners and has already concluded 18 FTAs with many of its key trade partner s, including one with the United States that came into force January 1, 2004. As a member of the Association f Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Singapore is part of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), and is signatory to ASEAN FTAs with China, Korea, Japan, India, and a joint agreement with New Zealand and Australia. Singapore is also a party to the Transpacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement, which includes Brunei, Chile, and New Zealand† (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). Singapore was a small society open to influence from the west through the English language and subject to homogenizing effects of modernization and industrialization. Ethnicity was not assured as a fundamental element (Unknown, n. d. ). Singapore, as stated by the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The annual population growth rate for 2009 was 3. 1%, including resident foreigners. Singapore has a diversity of linguistic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Malay being the national language, but Chinese, English, and Tamil are also recognized as official languages. English is utilized in administration, professions, business, and schools (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). English is mandated as the primary language by the Singapore Government to be used at all levels in schools. The government is said to provide at least ten years of education in English for every child (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). I have personally experienced this to be quite true. I have been to Singapore on three different occasions during my Naval career, and there is a surprisingly amount of people in Singapore that speak very good English. Ordering food at a restaurant in Singapore proved to be much easier than expected. Another surprising fact is that the literacy rate in Singapore is 96. 3% (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). A touchy subject in Singapore is the terms race and ethnicity. While 77% of the country’s population is Chinese, all Singaporeans are assigned a â€Å"race† at birth (determined by the father’s race), and this is indicated on an official identification card (Ho, 2009). The Singapore Department of statistics assigns the same meaning to both race and ethnicity and states the term ethnic group refers to a person’s race (Ho, 2009). The Singapore constitution also contains provisions that prohibit discrimination and guarantee protection to minorities, including articles 12, 16, and 152 (Tan, 2004). Singapore has diversity in ethnicity when it comes to religion. Singapore allows freedom of religion for the most part, but religion is subject to government view. Thus, some religions have been banned or restricted. â€Å"Almost all Malays are Muslim; other Singaporeans are Taoists, Buddhists, Confucianists, Christians, Hindus, or Sikhs† (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, 2010). The Buddhism is prominently displayed through Buddhist temples throughout Singapore. I actually saw many of these temples in my travels to Singapore. Some of these temples are very extravagant works of art. You may also see the diversity among Singaporeans if you are visiting during National Holidays. The people of Singapore will display their different cultures through dance and cultural clothing all across the country. The Singapore government experienced a loss of cohesiveness due to this multicultural social organization. The Government introduced Social Studies into the educational system in order to bring cohesiveness back into the country. The social studies curriculum was introduced, in 2001, to secondary educational levels—students from fifteen to seventeen years old. It is designed to allow students to grasp an understanding of Singapore’s geopolitical situation, including its strengths and vulnerabilities (Ho, 2009). This curriculum brings to light the differences in this culturally diverse country. This in turn brings the different people of Singapore together, thus encouraging social cohesiveness. Singapore has risen to every challenge that has come her way. Singapore has grown politically, economically, and socially with minimal negative results. Politically, the PAP remains the leader in the government. Realizing the need for economic growth, the PAP has always stood by industrialization. The building of casinos in the city-state has shown a remarkable ability to tap into tourism. Singapore remains at the head of the spear in terms of global trade. The social organization will continue to strengthen with education of youth. This fact has been recognized—education of the next generation will lead to political, economic and social success. â€Å"Economic, social, and political development requires autonomy and creativity as well as an effective, interventionist government staffed by a highly qualified and dedicated civil service. Singapore has come closer to achieving this mix than most other third World countries. There is much that other developing countries could adopt from the Singapore experience† (Bellows, 1985).

Essay On Web Development Trends - 724 Words

12 Web Development Trends You Must Know About in 2016 Arpatech Sep 05, 2016 12Web-Development-Trends_You_Must_Know_About_in_2016 The world of Web development is a rapidly changing domain. 2016 brought some of the hottest trends which you should be aware of if you are part of the web development community. You should follow these trends while designing and developing your website to maintain your position in the web market throughout this year. With new frameworks, evolving technologies and new layouts everything plays a critical role in attracting customers to your web page. Let’s look at some of the hottest trends... 1) IOT (Internet of Things) Much of the development in the app world is the result of IOT and it continued to grow†¦show more content†¦The increased use of this trend is observed as it enables users to jump to full-screen resolutions in an auxiliary natural way. 6) Adds blockers on the sites A huge amount of money the website owners are losing due to advertisement blocking plugins. Many techniques have been developed which enable websites owners to avoid these growing effects. These new techniques happen to reduce the effects of advertisement blocking. 7) Containers Usage To run, create and test an app swiftly Docker, a container service is used by the developers. A lot of advanced changes are making containers go huge this year. Docker is believed to evolve and gain more features and security. 8) Ultimate Browser Power Throughout the past few years, some major developments have been observed in the trend of things which the user can do with the browser. JavaScript is acknowledged as the browser’s de-facto language, making the browser more powerful than ever before. It stands out as the most powerful language for the year 2016. 9) IDEs These days more people are turning towards cloud-based versions of IDEs instead of using the traditional development environment. The key factors of IDE include fast accessibility and flexibility which is provided full-time even if you are not using it. 10) Enhanced Security As users add different apps to their mobile devices the higher the risk becomes of the device getting prone to security breaches. The increase in the efforts to makeShow MoreRelatedEssay On Web Development Trends1626 Words   |  7 PagesHow web development trends will change by 2020? 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