Procrastination essays

Procrastination essays We've all been plagued by procrastination at one time or another. For some, it's a chronic problem. Others find that it hits only some areas of their lives. The net results, though, are usually the same - wasted time, missed opportunities, poor performance, self-deprecation, or increased stress. Procrastination is letting the low-priority tasks get in the way of high-priority ones. It's socializing with colleagues when you know that important work project is due soon, watching TV instead of doing your household chores, or talking about superficial things with your partner rather than discussing your relationship concerns. We all seem to do fine with things we want to do or enjoy doing for fun. But, when we perceive tasks as difficult, inconvenient, or scary, we may shift into our procrastination mode. We have very clever ways of fooling ourselves. Procrastination is a bad habit. Like other habits, there are two general causes. The first is the "crooked thinking" we employ to justify our behavior. The second source is our behavioral patterns. A closer look at our crooked thinking reveals three major issues in delaying tactics - perfectionism, inadequacy, and discomfort. Those who believe they must turn in the most exemplary report may wait until all available resources have been reviewed or endlessly rewrite draft after draft. Worry over producing the perfect project prevents them from finishing on time. Feelings of inadequacy can also cause delays. Those who "know for a fact" that they are incompetent often believe they will fail and will avoid the unpleasantness of having their skills put to the test. Fear of discomfort is another way of putting a stop to what needs to be done. Yet, the more we delay, the worse the discomforting problem (like a toothache) becomes. Our behavioral patterns are the second cause. Getting started on an unpleasant or difficult task may seem impossible. Procrastination is likened to the physics c...

General Information on the Writing Process

General Information on the Writing Process What Is the Writing Process Writing is a complex combination of skills which is best taught by breaking down the process. The writing process involves a series of steps to follow in producing a finished piece of writing. 5 Easy Writing Process Steps STEP 1. The writing process usually begins with the writer wanting or having to convey something. They must have a desire or obligation to share something important with their reader. A student writing an essay or paper must not only complete the assignment, they must seek to make sure their professor, or reader, understands the idea, impression or feeling they are attempting to communicate. A journalist responsible for writing an article or column must write in a way so that most every reader understands the point of telling the story in the first place. A person writing copy for an advertisement, or writing a script for a commercial, is ultimately writing to communicate a message – that the product being featured should be purchased. ESSAY FORMAT In higher education, the same goes for the student writing to complete an assignment. They are either a given a particular topic to write about, or students are provided a basic assignment where they have to create an argument about a topic of their choice as long as it pertains to the course. Free writing and research are ideal ways to begin the writing process. It always benefits the student to research a topic they are writing about. This informs them, educates them and helps them begin to mentally frame their essay. A quick online search is a good place to begin collecting information to make one’s argument or point. The student conducting the research should also write down important information and thoughts that come to their mind as they read. STEP 2. Most academic essays and papers call for some argument to be made, a point that the student will defend in their essay with credible evidence. In this step, the student chooses the direction of their essay, what it will argue for or against. But as they do so, they should keep in mind that their mission is to convince the reader that their argument has credibility, that it’s believable and true. So the student must use the body paragraphs of their essay to provide evidence that validates what they are arguing. STEP 3. Next in the writing process: planning and outlining the first draft of the essay. This requires accomplishing the previous steps and building on them. The student will center the entire essay on the thesis statement, incorporating it into each and every paragraph for emphasis. In the outline, they are to literally plan out the content and placement of each paragraph; they are to strategically place certain information into each essay to further solidify the point they are going to make when the write the first draft of their essay. STEP 4. Next in the writing process is the actual plugging away at the keyboard – the writing of the first draft. It requires a professional and conversational tone, one that speaks with confidence and conviction. Writing is not everyone’s forte. That’s a given. But writing these kinds of essays trains a student to make a case for something – which is often required verbally in the workforce, whether it’s why someone deserves a raise, a newer office, a different route, a longer lunch, a better assistant. People, in all aspects of life, to be successful or to get what they want in life, must have the ability to convince another person that what they are arguing is true. STEP 5. Once the first draft is written, it’s time to reread the essay for many reasons. One, in particular, is making sure the argument the essay is attempting to make is done successfully, that it ultimately convinces the reader to believe the argument the essay is making. Also, an essay should be reread several times in search of misspelled words, punctuation errors and incomplete sentences. Once errors are found, they should be corrected promptly. Finally, once this is done and the student is confident in their essay, they should read it once more before turning it into their professor for a graded evaluation. If you need help with essay writing, is your best bet. Our professional writers can provide professional assistance writing on virtually any topic. In order to request assistance, visit our order page and place an order!

Procopius secret history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Procopius secret history - Essay Example He was also on the Gothic campaign, in Italy, until 540. He finally lived in Constantinople after describing the immense plague of 542 in the capital. This paper will analyze the source and determine the author’s reliability (Arbor 1). The contemporary history reader should characteristically depend on the investigation of similar contemporary historians. Contemporary historians can access a large number of sources and frequently aim to give an impartial notion of the past life. Nonetheless, past historians did not appreciate objectivity in creating their stories on what would have been for contemporary figures and events (Arbor 1). There should be a balanced method to history and occurrences of the past life. Moreover, Procopius was the best placed historian to give information on the existence of Belisarius, Theodora, and Justinian of the eastern Roman Empire. This is because he published eight works on one of the most popular emperors, Justinian. He not only sets aside panegyrics, in the Secret History, but Procopius looks keenly into the revolt he experienced at his mighty empress and emperor (Arbor 1). Procopius illustrates the cruelty and greed of his emperor, in addition to the lasciviousness and malice of Theodora, his wife. The Secret History is under-supported and overstated, despite being an interesting resource. Early writers did not have the will to cite their resources. One cannot simply presume that because the author, Procopius, was Justinian’s contemporary, he was a witness of everything he documents. This raises a lot of concern on his reliability. Readers cannot ascertain what composition of his work is hearsay, or if it is rumor found in rumor, and the component of the resource that can be advanced. Nevertheless, the resource depicts both Justinian and Theodora as largely suspicious individuals (Arbor 1). Also, when Procopius asserts that Justinian was the most terrible ruler of all time, we are not sure how much

Service Learning Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service Learning Report - Essay Example I devised ways to develop student’s interest in active learning experiencing increased classroom participation by the end of the Service Learning project. I developed a higher sense of flexibility as compared to the time prior to this project. Students are highly unpredictable and as a teacher, one has to make sure individual awkward situations do not interfere with the rest of the lesson/ activities. I am prepared to handle change in a better way which includes predicting, planning and effecting control measures that aim to deliver the primary objectives of the lesson. I have enhanced my team building and leading skills. This stems from appreciation of unique talents, skills and ability of students and linking them into productive units/ groups. I was able to determine weaknesses in students and utilized the students in delivering classroom content beyond the actual lesson period. This raised the confidence of the weak students who improved in their class participation. I have improved my communication skills especially through listening and interpretation. I worked more on reading the student’s body language to determine the most appropriate reaction to their contribution. The experience has taught me to reflect on every aspect of learning before, during and after the classroom sessions. This opens ways to criticize and respond to assignments at a higher level than plain reading and research. Reflection helps to internalize subject contents and enhances knowledge absorption to a level that can allow for appropriate application in real life. As a student, preparing for the lesson places one at a better position to understand the teacher and respond well to the classroom content. I am a dynamic individual who excellently connects with class work when the practical aspect is put into perspective. Despite being the tutor, the simulation of the culture in Saudi Arabia made me anticipate and recall a

The Chinese Massacre of 1603 Essay Example for Free

The Chinese Massacre of 1603 Essay From a historiographic point of view, the incident of 1603 acquires special significance in the long and tragic history of Chinese massacres in the Philippines. For compared to all the rest, this has been the best chronicled, not only in Spanish, but also in Chinese sources. Moreover, both coincide in the presentation of facts and are alike in the ordering of events. When these sources—especially the Chinese—begin their account of the massacre, they refer to a remote, perhaps even unrelated, incident that is, nevertheless, significant. The tension started in 1593, when 250 Chinese were forcibly recruited to row the ships which Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, then Philippine governor general, sent to conquer the Moluccas Islands. Soon after they set sail, the Chinese in the flag ship staged a mutiny, assassinated Dasmarinas, and took over the vessel. Weeks later, the son of the murdered governor, Luis Perez Dasmarinas, then based in Cebu, sought vengeance to fall on the heads of the culprits. To do this, he asked for assistance from the Chinese authorities of Fujian, who welcomed the young Dasmarinas’ ambassadors and offered them their help as well. The second episode happened 10 years later, in the spring of 1603, when â€Å"three mandarins† arrived in Manila on a strange mission: to reconnoiter a mountain of gold abundant with trees that bore gold. This visit raised the suspicion of the Spaniards in the Philippines, already so accustomed to intermittent threats of conquest, particularly from the Japanese. They concluded that this was probably an advance party for a future invasion of Manila. At that time, the Chinese in this city were almost 10 times the number of Spaniards. The third event, the Sangley uprising, happened in autumn of that same year. The reasons for this uprising remain unclear. The motives range from the desire of the Chinese to dominate Manila, to their wanting to abort the Spaniards moves that seemed to lead to their elimination. After initial uncertainty as to who would eventually win out, the rebellion was quelled by the Spaniards who, together with Filipino and Japanese troops, massacred some 20,000 Chinese. Both our sources also point to a more or less common epilogue. After the Spaniards’ first attempts at reconciliation and China’s indignant reactions, both parties reached a new compromise and the agitation easily vanished as though nothing had happened. Former trade relations were resumed, allowing the Chinese to settle again in Manila, even if both sides harbored grudges against each other for what had happened earlier. What I now propose is to try to bring together reports on the massacre, both from the known Spanish sources and from the Chinese founts. The comparison may allow us to better understand the remote and proximate causes of the tragedy of 1603. Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 1 The sources The Spanish manuscript sources which document the massacre are found in their entirety in the General Archive of the Indies and were published almost completely in the â€Å"Colin Pastells,† that is to say, the new edition of the work of Colin, done by Pastells in 19001. Some of them were reproduced immediately afterwards and translated to English, in Blair Robertson,2 and again soon after by Pastells in his joint work with Navas. 3 These sources may be classified into two: those released during the event—which served as â€Å"news updates†Ã¢â‚¬â€or shortly after the incident, giving a global view of what had happened; and those that appear in the books that came out around that time, situating the incident within the general context of Philippine history, as Morga4 does in his book, or as part of the conquest of the Moluccas, as Argensola5 approached it in his. The letters and reports from the officers of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, and those of the superiors of the various religious orders belong to the first type. These documents intend to give personal viewpoints which, despite the fact that they contest each other, are not contradictory but rather complimentary. Of course, all deplore the massacre even if they deem it a justified, though exaggerated, measure. At the same time, they differ mainly in the analysis of the means that could have been taken to avoid it, or of the actions that indirectly provoked it. Argensola tries to consolidate all the information that reached the court during the years immediately after the massacre (he published his work six years after the event), and personal reports from the main players of the said event. Argensola may have had the Augustinian Diego de Guevara as his principal source, because this priest moved to Madrid to attend to some of his order’s concerns shortly after the incident. The work of Dr. Morga, eyewitness of the events, is briefer and simpler in tackling the topics and conclusions that were being formulated in Manila immediately after the uprising (Morga left Manila in 1606). The Chinese sources, on the other hand, are official and therefore anonymous. They are briefer than those of the Spaniards, and seem to be less defensive, even if they also seem to reflect partisan tendencies. 6 They usually acknowledge provocation on the part of the Chinese expatriates, and yet refuse to be judged by foreigners. These documents sometimes cite specific words or actions of an officer from Fujian, although they Francisco Colin, S. J. Labor evangelica, ministerios apostolicos de los obreros de la Compania de Jesus, fundacion y progresos de su provincia en las Islas Filipinas. Nueva edicion ilustrada con copia de notas y documentos para la critica †¦ por el P. Pablo Pastells, S. J. , Vol. II, Barcelona, Imprenta y Litografia de Henrich y Cia, 1900, pp. 418-441. 2 Blair Robertson, The Philippine Islands (vol. XII, pp. 83-97). 3 Pablo Pastells Francisco Navas, Catalogo de los documentos relativos a las Islas Filipinas (vol. 5, Barcelona, 1929, pp. LXXVI-CVIII). 4 Antonio Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Mexico, 1609. We used here the version annotated by Jose Rizal, offset reprinting by the National Commission for the Centenary of Jose Rizal, Manila, 1961. 5 Bartolome Leonardo Argensola. Conquista de las Islas Malucas, Imprenta del Hospicio Provincial, Zaragoza 1891. 6 We have used the following references: Ming Shi (â€Å"The History of the Ming Dynasty â€Å"), Ed. Ding Wen, Taipei, 1975, Vol. 11 (pp. 8370-8375); Ming Shi Lu (â€Å"The True History of the Ming Dynasty†), prepared by the Academia Sinica, Ed. Zhongwen, Volumes 12 and 13, Taipei, 1961 (pp. 12090, 123030, 12371); Dong Xi Yang Kao (â€Å"Studies on the Eastern and Western Oceans†), Ed. Taiwan Shang Wu, Taipei, 1971 (pp. 57-60); Ming Ching Shi Wen Bien (â€Å"Anthology of the Official Documents of the Ming Dynasty†), Vol. 6, Ed. Zhunghua, Beijing, 1962 (pp. 4727-4728); Huang Ming Xiang Xu Lu; Guo Que (â€Å"National tolls†), Ed. Ding Wen, Taipei, 1978, Vol. 8 (p. 4917). I wish to thank Prof. Zhang Kai for his invaluable help in pointing out these sources, and my research assistant Lin Li-pin for his help in the translation of these materials. 1 Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 2 generally present themselves as part of an official investigation that was also transmitted officially. Also, since the events happened outside China, it is difficult for the imperial officers to verify them, which is why they put forward brief and detached explanations. Nevertheless, the massacre of 1603 happened during a period of stability in the Ming Dynasty; thus, their capacity to inquire into and annotate an event that happened outside their shores was much greater than, for example, the time when the massacres of 1639 or of 1662 took place. The former happened on the eve of the fall of the Ming Dynasty, while the latter was more associated with the Ming resistance—at that time, Koxinga7 was dying in his Taiwanese hideout—than with the Manchus, the new powers in China, who were still trying to establish themselves in the country. The incident of October 25, 1593 Let us now take a brief look at Argensola’s account in Chapter 6 of his book. 8 He states that Governor Gomez Perez de Dasmarinas prepared four galleys to attack the Moluccas but had difficulty finding soldiers to man them. When the flagship was the only one left to be filled, â€Å"he ordered that of the Chinese contract workers who were entering the Philippines, 250 were to be taken to man the flagship. The Royal Treasury was to pay each one two pesos a month and, in the best of cases, they were only to row in calm weather. † The Governor forced the governor of the Chinese to get these 250 men who set sail against their will. Finally, on October 17, the naval crew left for Ternate. However, as soon as the flagship moved a short distance off, and the Chinese oarsmen were put to work—unaccustomed as they were to the task and spurred on by brutal and menacing foremen—the said workers decided to stage an uprising, preferring to die in the attempt than to continue rowing for the Spaniards. The rebellion took place on the night of October 25, claiming the lives of the Governor himself and a great part of the 80member Spanish crew. The bad weather persisted, which was why the mutineers only went as far as the Ilocos region, where they were assaulted by the natives. They left behind the surviving Spaniards, among them, Juan de Cuellar, secretary of the Governor and the Franciscan Montilla, both of who managed to reach the coast. Afterwards, the Chinese decided to sail to China, but landed in Vietnam instead, where â€Å"the king of Tunquin seized their cargo and left the galley to sink in the coast. The Chinese were dispersed and they fled to the different provinces. †9 The Spanish survivors informed Manila of what happened. The rest of the navy based in Cebu under the command of the governor’s son, Luis Perez Dasmarinas, returned to Manila. There, he was appointed interim Governor of the islands. Then a strange thing happened in 1594. In retrospect, this incident seems to have served as a â€Å"rehearsal† for what was to happen next. That year, the Chinese presumed that the Spanish navy had left for the Moluccas Isles. As Argensola puts it, â€Å"There appeared in Manila a great number of ships from China, without the customary goods, but rather loaded with men and weapons. On board were seven mandarins, counted As regards this massacre and the problems of interpretation that arise from consulting and comparing Chinese and Spanish sources, see my recent paper â€Å"Consideraciones en torno a la imagen de Koxinga vertida por Victorio Ricci en Occidente. † Encuentros en Catay, n. 10, 1996. 8 There are discrepancies between Argensola and Morga, although these are more a question of details than of arguments. 9 Argensola, Conquista de las†¦, p. 210 7 Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 3 among the senior Viceroys or Governors of their provinces and they went to visit Don Luis with great pomp and an escort of men saying that they were on the lookout for Chinese who were going about those lands without license. †10 Dasmarinas welcomed them and gave each one a gold chain. In the end, he concluded that they had come either to conquer or to sack Manila, but changed their minds when they saw the presence of the Spanish armada. Argensola adds that since the Chinese who killed Dasmarinas’ father were from Quan Chou, he sent Fernando de Castro, a cousin of his, to that province to give an account of the mutiny. However, the trip was forestalled due to the bad weather. It is noteworthy that neither Argensola nor Morga says that the Dasmarinas took advantage of the situation to take up the matter with the mandarins (although it seems that he did, as deduced from the Chinese sources that we shall now see). For example, the Dong Xi Yang Gao is more exhaustive in this respect. It states that Luis Dasmarinas (called Maulin here), immediately after replacing his father, sent some priests to inform the Chinese authorities in Macao about the uprising. These priests bore a letter, the translation of which is conserved in the Chinese sources. It also adds that the magistrates of Fujian continued to send merchant vessels to bring back the Chinese who had been living in Luzon for too long. According to Argensola, this detail coincides with what the mandarins explained to Dasmarinas. The Chinese chronicle continues: â€Å"The governor of Luzon provided these ships with food and also gave them a letter (addressed to the Chinese government). He verbally aired his complaints about the way the Chinese treated the murdered governor, his father. And he gave them an edict, sealed in a gold box which, together with the abovementioned letter, was wrapped in red silk and sent to China on a merchant vessel. †11 The â€Å"three mandarins† arrive in Manila (May 1603) We have said that the abovementioned incident does not seem to have anything to do with the one that took place nine years later. However, the parallelism is great, as we shall now see. The events arising from the arrival of another group of mandarins are well documented in the Spanish sources. There are three types of information that are all complimentary. Those from the royal officials, that is, those from the Governor, Don Pedro de Acuna, as well as the listeners of the Audiencia, Jeronimo de Salazar and Tellez de Almazan, who show themselves to be hostile to and suspicious of the governor. The sources of the ecclesiastics, and in the third place, the information that the Chinese themselves give, and which they offer in consideration of the Spanish authorities. In particular, a letter written four days before in the sea by Chanchian, the head of the Chinese expedition, and which is submitted to the governor who sends it immediately for translation. Likewise, two more documents corresponding to some â€Å"petitions of Chinese to the Chinese emperor†, which ended up in the hands of Archbishop Benavides who translated them. He sent the king his own letter where—â€Å"enriched† after his own 10 11 Idem, p. 212. The Dong Xi Yang Kao contains the Chinese translation of Dasmarinas’ letter which he gave to the mandarins. Here, the same facts are given, except that the apparent motive of the uprising was more of greed (the ship was loaded with much gold and silver) than of the cruelty received in the hands of the foremen of the ship, as Argensola would have put it. Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 4 inquiries—he makes a very complete analysis of the situation12. Though actually we do not know if Benavides made them Public or not, and therefore if they have to be considered as part of the information that the Spaniards had then. Gathering together all the reports (Argensola’s and those of the two judges of the Audiencia, Jeronimo de Salazar and Tellez de Almazan, both hostile toward the governor, Pedro de Acuna), this series of events might have had taken place as follows: Friday, May 23. Three mandarins landed in Manila, displaying their insignias as judges. With great pomp and an entourage of 50, they sought an audience with the Governor and gave him a letter written four days earlier in the high seas. In the said letter, signed by Chanchian, military chief of Fujian, the mandarins expounded the reason for this trip. They wished to verify the existence of a fabulous mountain in Cavite, believed to yield 100,000 taeles of gold and 300,000 taeles of silver a year. They claimed that everyone could go and dig there and that the Chinese have already taken a great quantity of these metals back to China. Chanchian also indicated that he had with him a fellow named Tio Heng, the man who reported to the emperor of the existence of the said mountain, as well as a eunuch called Cochay, who received specific orders from the emperor to investigate the matter. Another mandarin was present, besides Cochay and the immediate chief of Chanchian. 13 He added that he did not believe in the existence of such a mountain, and presumed it to be a lie. Nevertheless, the Governor had nothing to fear, since it was his duty to look into the matter. Afterwards, the Governor had them housed in special lodgings inside the city. The fact that they flaunted their insignias as judges and that the Governor allowed them to do so, incurred the ire of the members of the Audiencia. From May 24 to May 26 (Saturday to Monday), the mandarins begin to mete justice on their countrymen. Meanwhile, Salazar, the fiscal of the Audiencia, carries out his own investigation. Within this period, the governor allows the mandarins to bring their entourage to Tondo, where the Christian sangleys live. May 27 (Tuesday). Salazar presents a report in a public session of the Audiencia. The report is approved and the governor requested to stop the operations of the mandarins so that the investigations may continue. The friction between the Audiencia 12 It does not remain clear how Benavides obtained the two documents, and if he made them known to the governor or not. The first (document) is similar in structure to the letter which the governor received from the mandarins, the translation of which he sent to the King, but much more extensive and detailed. Therefore the said document perhaps may be a different version from the letter, made by memory (since he possibly helped in the verbal translation of that thing) and completed a posteriori with his own investigations, since at the end of that letter he said: â€Å"I am a man who knows the language of these Chinese and I know a lot about their things and customs of China by having lived with them for many months and I made it also because I take up this business with suspicion and care as these can be advisors who advise badly on it because of not understanding it† (Colin Pastells, II, p. 415). The second document, different from the letter, is a remonstrance of the emperor by one of his officials. The mandarins presented it to the governor with the intention of giving more credibility to his own letter. Given that the Spaniards did not seem to take it into account, we will not deal with it now, but we will go back to it at the end of our study for its clarificatory value. 13 Note that the spelling of the names correspond to the free style of transcribing that the Spanish translator had of the Fujianese pronunciation of the names ( the translation of the document that appears on Blair Robertson, vol. XII, pp. 83-97, points out in the heading which was made by a Dominican). As will be seen later , the correspondence in mandarin is as follows: Chunchian seems to correspond to Gan Yi-chen, Tio Heng to Zhang Yi and Cochay to Gao Tsai. Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 5 and the Governor worsens. Moreover, the judges of the Audiencia complain of being relegated to the sidelines. In the following days, the Audiencia desisted its moves because the Governor finally published an edict prohibiting the mandarins from administering their justice and from flaunting their insignias. On the eve of their departure, they go to Cavite to see the said mountain. With them are Second Lieutenant Cervantes, as well as by the governor of the sangleys, Juan Bautista de Vera,14 who seems to have been around all the while. There, Tio Heng, unable to satisfactorily clear himself of the deception, had the Spaniards bearing down on him with threats of death. However, the mandarins intercede for his pardon. The Spaniards grow even more suspicious. On the day of their departure, the Governor receives the mandarins and honors them with some gifts. As he sends them off, they apologize for the mix-up they have caused and thus sailed back to China. We can better know the identities of these mandarins and further clarify the case by examining complimentary data from the Chinese sources. In this attempt to consolidate diverse information, we can conclude that the speaker of the group was the mandarin Gan Yi-chen (Chanchian in the letter), a centurion and was probably the military chief of Fujian. The second mandarin (not mentioned in the letter) was Wang Shi-ho, the magistrate of the Hai Cheng district, where many of the Chinese immigrants came from. The third mandarin must have been the eunuch Gao Tsai (who appears in the letter as Cochai). Accompanying these three dignitaries were Zhang Yi (Tio Heng) and Yang Ying-long, who were the ones who informed the emperor in Beijing of the said mountain of gold. Yang Ying-long was another centurion whom the Chinese sources accuse of collaborating with Zhang Yi (who probably used the former’s clout to get an audience with the emperor and consequently win his favor). The emperor actually allowed the said expedition despite opposition from various people in his court who not only thought it a ridiculous project, but which could also be a source of trouble. According to these sources, one might think that the two magistrates Gan Yichen and Wang Shi-ho were also of the same opinion. In fact, the latter was so vexed that he died soon after they arrived in Fujian. The other magistrates reported Zhang Yi’s behavior to the emperor, demanding that he be punished for trying to deceive the imperial government and for bringing about its humiliation in a foreign land. The role of Gao Tsai, on the other hand, is more difficult to interpret. Some sources picture him as the superintendent of the said Beijing expedition, while others show him as Fujian’s quartermaster general for taxes, who makes a living off the Chinese maritime trade. The Ming Shi Lu gives its version of the conduct of these three: â€Å"The diabolical Fujianese Zhang Yi, came up with an evil plan to propose the excavation of a gold mine in Luzon. But his real intention was to conspire with the eunuchs and provoke the barbarians. Yang Ying-long was his partner†¦Zhang Yi was beheaded and [his head] shown to the coastal provinces as a warning to people of his kind. † 15 Lastly, it is worth pointing out that the Chinese sources coincide with those Spanish ones in indicating that this entire trip had been the proximate cause of the Spanish suspicions and the subsequent massacre which took place four months afterwards. 14 A Chinese who arrived in Manila during the times of the pirate Limahon, whom he had served. At that time, he was appointed governor of the sangleys and was â€Å"respected by the Spaniards and loved by the sangleys† (Argensola, p.230. He was also known as â€Å"Eng Kang† (Rizal), â€Å"Encan† (Argensola) and â€Å"Encang† (Tellez de Almazan). 15 MSL, Chapter 404 (Vol. XII. P. 12090). Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 6 But, the question is if the dispatch had been an advance party or not, and if it came to study the possibility of invasion of Manila—whether it was piratical or in an organized form. At the moment, the Spaniards could not know it, although an excess of suspicions could turn itself into an untenable situation that might end up out of control. It was precisely what happened. The massacre of 1603 a) The preparation On December 18, 1603, once the incident that we are about to see had ended, Governor Pedro de Acuna wrote the king an account wherein he explained in retrospect his behavior during the whole event. He begins by saying that the arrival of the mandarins had made him suspect a possible invasion from China. This was why his eventual moves, preventive and defensive in nature, were limited to the following: 1. To create space, he ordered the demolition of the houses in the Parian that was adjacent to the walls of the city. This, at the same time, corrected some of the wall’s defects. 2. He asked the mayors of the district and the magistrates of the Parian to submit to him a list of immigrants under their jurisdiction and of the weapons in their possession. They were also asked to indicate whether these people were to be trusted or not. The order was fulfilled. 3. He carried out regular inspections of the artisans (blacksmiths, etc. ) in particular, and commissioned the manufacture of bows, arrows, pikes, etc. for the royal storehouse. At the same time, he ordered that all these weapons be collected and transported. 4. Just in case, he had provisions stored. 5. He hired sangleys to build a canal with the end of creating a moat for the city, if ever the need arises. Acuna also points out a distinction that is also mentioned in other Spanish sources: that between the Chinese merchants, who have settled for years in the Parian, and the recent arrivals who were vagabonds and troublemakers who had nothing to lose and who could not return to China due to the crimes they had committed. 16 Acuna hangs the blame of the succeeding events on these Chinese, since they were the ones who paved the way for everything, â€Å"in order to bring the merchants and the peaceful people to their side, convincing them that the measures that were being taken were meant to kill the Chinese. † 17 The Chinese sources, on the other hand, also echo some of Acuna’s positions, but presenting these under an offensive point of view, coloring the thing differently and relating these to what directly affected them. For example, the Huang Ming Xiang Hsu Lu shows that the Spaniards prepared for the massacre way ahead of time, since â€Å"they began to buy from the Chinese all the metal objects that they had. The Chinese, on the other hand, sold all the iron they found because they saw that they could profit from it. † (point 3 from Acuna). 18 This same idea is found in the Ming Shi, which also adds that â€Å"the Chinese were obliged to register their names and to be divided into groups of 300†19 (point 2 from Acuna). 16 To better differentiate the Chinese groups, see Edgar Wickberg, The Chinese in Philippine Life, 18501898 (Yale University Press, 1965), pp. 6-11. 17 Blair Robertson, vol. XII, p. 154 18 HMXHL, Chapter 5, Luzon. 19 MS, Chapter 323 (p. 8372). Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 7 b) The beginning: Sangley uprising or Chinese pogrom? Another interesting issue to consider is that of who started it first. The Spanish sources (Morga, Argensola, Acuna, etc. ) emphatically state: the Chinese staged an uprising. Benavides, the bishop of Manila, noted in a letter to the king that â€Å"the multitude of Chinese was so great, among them, base and vicious men who spread the rumor (which is absolutely false, but not for them) that the Spaniards were going to kill every one of them, which was why they provoked a rebellion on the night of the eve of St. Francis. They armed themselves and on that day killed several Spaniards who pursued them, among them, Luis Perez de Dasmarinas. †20 On December 18, when everything was over, Governor Pedro de Acuna told the king that â€Å"according to the investigations and what some of those involved had declared, it goes without saying that the uprising was instigated from China, and the stage set by all, if not some, of the mandarins who had been here. † 21 According to the Spanish sources (since the Chinese are silent about it), the Chinese had also been girding themselves for it. The Chinese Juan Bautista de Vera had been constructing a more or less fortified zone half-a-league from Tondo (which Argensola calls a â€Å"sugar refinery†), where some provisions and arms were stored. c) The unfolding of events The actual struggle is already well known because it is what was most interesting to relate to the Spaniards. To summarize, we basically follow Morga’s account: The evening of October 3 (Friday). The uprising was scheduled to take place on the last day of November, but realizing that they were going to be discovered, the sangleys move it to the third of October. On this day, at 11 pm, about 2000 men (or â€Å"according to the sangley who was under torture, 40 captains to 150 men†), begin to gather in the â€Å"fort† of Tondo. That night, Juan Bautista de Vera visits the governor to inform him of what was happening. Thinking that de Vera was in cahoots with them, the governor throws him into prison. The Chinese, noting de Vera’s absence, appoint another Christian sangley, Juan Untae, de Vera’s godson, to replace him. 22 That same night, Luis Dasmarinas secures himself in the monastery of Binondo with a small group of soldiers. The Chinese fly into action, burning some houses and then returning to their â€Å"fort. † The morning of October 4 (Saturday). The sangleys of the Parian (that is, the peaceful old-timers identified with the Spaniards, some of whom are Christian) are asked to enter the city, but they refuse to do so due to doubts as to who would be the victor in this conflict. They decide to remain in the Parian. Dasmarinas leaves Binondo for Tondo to fortify himself in the church with 140 harquebusiers. A thousand and five hundred Chinese rebels show up. There is a fight to take over the church. Five hundred Chinese die, while the rest retreat to the â€Å"fort†. Dasmarinas pursues them and dies in the attempt. The Spaniards are thrown into confusion. October 5 (Sunday). Realizing that de Vera was not going to come, the rebels kill Untae and coerce the Parian residents into joining forces with them. As they make for Manila, they ravage everything that comes their way. The city puts up a tough resistance and many men die. In the evening, they retreat to the Parian and to Dilao. The 20 21 Blair Robertson. Vol. XII, p. 143. Idem, vol. XII, p. 155. 22 Sangley general Hontay (Argensola), or Juan Ontal (Tellez de Almazan). Itinerario, vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 22-39. 8 Spaniards likewise press the Parian residents to side with them. Overcome by this psychological stress, some Chinese—among them, a relative of de Vera—hang themselves. Both sides brace themselves for a second attack. October 6 (Monday). Another assault and renewed resistance. A Spaniard, with the help of a Japanese corps, launches an unsuccessful offensive. An armada of Pintados suddenly makes its way through the river and blasts the Chinese lines with canons. They divide themselves into three and penetrate the inland. One group makes for the Tingues of Pasig, another for Ayonbon [Bayombong] and the third, the most numerous, for Laguna de Bay, the mountains of San Pablo and the province of Batangas. October 8 (Wednesday) and the succeeding days: The Chinese abandon the city. The Spaniards are hot in their pursuit. It seems that the first two groups are easily annihilated, since nothing more is said of them. The third group, starving and unarmed, leave a path of devastation. Luis de Velasco with 70 of his men is at their heels, killing many each day. Finally, Velasco perishes at the hands of the Chinese who set up fort in San Pablo. Argensola adds that the native Filipinos, instead of siding with the Chinese, lent a hand in the massacre. October 20. A new detachment of Spaniards, Japanese and 1500 natives of Pampanga and the Tagalog provinces is formed in Manila. They soon finish off all the Chinese who secured themselves in San Pablo and Batangas. The rebellion is quelled. October 22 (Argensola’s date). Juan de Vera faces trial. In the succeeding days, other Chinese meet the same fate. Only 300 are pardoned, but the rest are sent to the galleys. The Chinese sources are less detailed in describing the operations, perhaps due to the handful of sangleys who survived. It is thus more difficult to establish a clear parallelism between the two accounts, since they cite actions that are not mentioned in the Spanish sources. Consequently, there is much discrepancy. The Ming Shi relates that when the Chinese discovered the Spaniards’ plot to massacre them, they â€Å"retreated to Tsai Yuen (which may be translated as â€Å"the plantation† and which may refer to Juan Bautista de Vera’s strategic â€Å"fort† and to Argensola’s â€Å"sugar refinery†). 23 Then, the Spanish â€Å"chief† sent soldiers to go after them (this may well refer to Luis Dasmarinas’ move or to the arrival of the army of Pintados). The Chinese were unarmed. Many were killed and the survivors fled to the Talun Mountain. 24 The Spaniards attacked the mountain once more, while the Chinese put up a desperate defense. The Spaniards suffered momentary defeat, which their â€Å"chief† (probably the captain of the expedition or the Governor himself) regretted, moving him to negotiate a truce. The Chinese, thinking that this was some trick, killed the messengers, thus driving the Spanish â€Å"chief† to exasperation. He abandoned their mountain camp and retreated to the neighboring town, simultaneously setting up ambush parties in the surrounding areas. The Chinese rebels were starving and so decided to go down the mountain and plunder the town,25 only to be ambushed by the Spanish troops. Twenty five thousand Chinese perished in the mas23 CHEN, Mattew.

Getting a Job with a Physics Degree :: physics employment jobs employee

So you finally did it! You graduated college. By this time not even your grandparents thought you would ever finish college. But somehow you managed to get a bachelors degree in physics and it only took you nine years. Pretty impressive. So what do you do now you ask? Well you could party. Partying is always a good idea, and after nine years of college you have partying down to a science. But your funds are lackinig and after 18 semesters of student loans, you have accumulated a substantial amount of debt.You need a job! You spent so much time worrying about graduating college you weren't prepared to enter the work place. You now have many questions you must ask yourself so that you may get into a feild that is best suited to your needs. First of all it's good practice to make a list of career's that you might already have in mind and that you are interrested in before job seeking. This will help narrow your job search. But keep in mind that it's not always possible to get the ideal job sometimes we must take just about any job offered to us so that we may get enough work experience under our belts. When you start job searching, your first priority should be to prepare a resume. This is a very important aspect in job seeking. If you haven't had a lot of experience in making a resume a great place to get started is on the internet, where you can go to sites such as Jobstar.com and Resumetutor.com. Web sites such as these give you useful tips on how to best manage your resume by using selected resume resources and using resume samples. Before you start handing out your resume it is a good idea to do some research on your feild of interest. It is important to know what you are worth to employees so that you don't get the short end of the stick when it comes to salary, benefits and such. For instance it might be in your best interest to stay in shool a few more years and obtain a masters degree and or a PhD because this would dramatically increase your chances of being hired and dramatically increase your salary. According to the American Institute of Physics when they surveyed a sample of U.

Smoking and god

Smokingâ€Å" If God had wanted us to smoke, he would hold given us a separate hole for it. † These are the words that I have heard when I was immature. My male parent kept stating me these words as he experienced it himself. My male parent was a tobacco user. He started smoking when he was 18 and he kept smoking until 35 when I was born. He was smoking more than three battalions of coffin nails daily. He described himself when he was a tobacco user as a really thin adult male and his face was pale. He was like a adult male who lost his wellness. After a few old ages he suffered from diabetes. He spent about 17 old ages smoking until God had enter his life and he quit smoking. From that clip, he kept warning me and my brothers about smoke. This essay is traveling to discourse the smoke issue among teens and offers some solutions. Smoke is considered a really unsafe disease that threats every tobacco user. It contains nicotine which is the chief beginning for smoking ‘s diseases. Nicotine has three of import effects. First, it rises up the blood-pressure. Second, it increases the bosom rate. Third, it constricts blood vass. The people who smoke inhale C monoxide which decreases the sum of O which goes to the encephalon and in the bosom. Furthermore, smoking makes the tobacco users agony of shortness of breath, bosom diseases, lung diseases and other disease such as malignant neoplastic disease. â€Å" Smoke putting to deaths. If you ‘re killed, you ‘ve lost a really of import portion of your life. † Brooke Shields This was one of Brooke Shields † expressions. He was seeking to converting people non to smoke by stating them about smoking ‘s hazards. Presents, most of the tobacco users are teens. Harmonizing to the Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute ( ESPRI ) , Egypt has the biggest figure of tobacco users than any other state in the Middle East. There are more than 50 % of work forces over 18 smoking and they consume more than 70 billion coffin nails yearly. Smoke is considered a really of import societal issue. Nowadays, smoking becomes available for everyone. There are immature kids, teens, grownups, work forces and adult females who smoke every twenty-four hours. The figure of tobacco users is increasing every twelvemonth. In add-on, most of those tobacco users are teens. They want to smoke for chief three grounds which they are to look mature, to experiment, and to be like their friends. First, teens think that they will go older when they smoke as they see the old people smoke. Second, they want to experiment new things because they are young persons. They ever have the ability to seek out something new, particularly when they see many people do so. Third, many teens smoke because of their friends because they think that they should make the same to be accepted in this group. Although of these of import grounds, there are other grounds for them to smoke such as personal jobs and household jobs. Most of the tobacco users when they ge t nervous or angry, they do anything. Some of them smoke believing that this coffin nail will do them experience happy. Other tobacco users have jobs with their household or work, particularly with the parents who are tobacco users. Many kids imitate their parents ‘ wonts and as they see them smoking, the start to make like them. They believe that when they do like them, they will move like them besides as a adult male or adult female. This can do them hold a batch of force per unit area and emphasis. Weight is considered another ground as there are many people who smoke to free their weight. Every state should pay more attending to those people who are addicted to smoking. These states should increase the consciousness plans and set more advertizements in the street. They besides should forestall smoke in crowded topographic points and edifice. Beside, there must be a jurisprudence that punishes the people who sell coffin nails to immature people and teens. â€Å" For thy interest, baccy, I would make anything but dice. â€Å" – Charles Lamb, This sentence is the ground for halting smoke. Smoking leads to decease and this is the chief ground. Teenss must hold an internal ability to halt quit smoke. â€Å" The best manner to halt smoke is to transport wet lucifers. † – Anonymous If one has truly wants to discontinue smoke, he will make anything to discontinue. There are many people who tell themselves that if they want to discontinue smoke, they can. But, in fact, they are non honorable with themselves. They are fallacious to themselves as they do nil to discontinue. Actually, this societal issue had truly affected me in a positive manner. When I thought in my male parent ‘s narrative, I found that if I smoke I will destruct my wellness with my ain custodies. As a consequence, I will destruct my organic structure which God had given me to salvage. In the beginning, when I was immature, my male parent told me his experiment with smoking many times but, I did n't cognize the underlying significance of this narrative until I grown up. I found that many tobacco users had encountered many diseases through their life. This narrative was the chief factor that encouraged me to maintain away from smoking. Finally, smoke is a really unsafe disease and can infect anyone who does non hold unsusceptibility. I think my male parent ‘s narrative is my unsusceptibility against smoke. Every clip he tells me his narrative, I get encouraged to halt believing about smoke. This besides promote me to avoid what my male parent has encountered and what he has suffered through his past life and even his recent life after quit smoke.Procedure MemoThis essay has been organized harmonizing to the experience that I have lived, so in what manner this experiment has affected me. Then, talk about the consequences of smoke. The theses were in the debut to allow the reader know what I will speak about.Work Cited1. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifier=3003308 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //health.nytimes.com/health/guides/specialtopic/smoking-and-smokeless-tobacco/background.html

A Chinese Cinderella – Autobiographi

In the autobiographical book â€Å"Chinese Cinderella†, the author, Adeline Yen Mah, goes through a lot of hardships and difficulties with her family and life in general. She is not treated as part of her Fathers family and is sent away to live in a boarding school away from them. Adeline’s relationship with her family is very distant and cold, she is unloved and unwanted. No one acknowledges her or shows any heed and sympathy towards her. This relationship is shown in line 28 when she asks ‘Where is everyone? As no one comes to greet her when she arrives home, showing how they are uncaring towards her and do not regard her as family, not even welcoming her arrival or asked if she would like anything. It is almost as if she is a stranger, even to her biological father and siblings who continue to play ‘by the swimming pool’, no one caring about her coming back home. In addition, she is not informed about her family moving home when she asks her Father ’s chauffeur in line 23 ‘Where are we? Her questions show her confusion and little knowledge on what has been happening at home pointing out that her family have not even bothered to write to her. Her other siblings and stepmother are ignorant to her arrival as if she is a stranger and worthless. Being sent to boarding school points out even more that they do not want anything to do with her and would rather not see her because to them she is nothing.Adeline knows this herself as when Ma-mien Valentino calls her to tell her that her ‘chauffeur is waiting to take her home’ she thinks that someone has died because the last time she was called home it was only due to this reason and she begins to fear what might have happened. When she arrives the servants use a rude tone and do not care for her as much as they would for her stepsiblings showing the unfairness, even her father using a commanding tone when he meets his daughter after so long not even welcoming her but orders her to ‘Sit down’ instead.Her father does not regard her as his own daughter but uses her to improve his status with her achievements so when her father speaks to her she becomes timid and afraid, not trusting him when he shows her a little kindness, pointing out the distant relationship between Adeline and her family. Adeline’s character is somewhat cautious she doesn’t trust people too quickly, especially when it comes to the kindness from her family members as she is wary that they are playing a trick on her to make her feel miserable like they did all her life. Although she is not treated well by her family, she s clearly educated and this is shown when she wins a competition and quotes a poem to show her happiness. However, she is modest and keeps her happiness and excitement hidden, showing her timid and humble personality when she comes across her father and hiding what she feels even though it proved to be difficult but because she i s clever and knows her father too well she did not want to miss the one chance she would have in a life time. She respects her father’s wishes as she would do anything to leave the place where she is unwanted though her strong personality keeps her distress that she suffered for years at bay.

Pros and Cons of Online Dating for Teens Essay Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Online Dating for Teens Essay Essay Example Pros and Cons of Online Dating for Teens Essay Essay Pros and Cons of Online Dating for Teens Essay Essay Essay Topic: Pros and Cons Teens 1. Why on-line dating is popular.Peoples presents have become so busy with their calling that there is small clip left for their societal life. They think that OD is safe as on-line dating bureaus run a background check-up on each and every member they accept. With the online dating services. there is no force per unit area as you go out with merely those you appreciate and would desire to cognize better. It is besides an cheap manner to happen a spouse as the traditional dating would affect many test and mistake methods where you would put clip. attempt and money. With OD. it is so convenient that you can make it at place or in the office to happen this particular individual during your trim clip. Possibly non all the people you may reach would be the best pick for your life spouse. nevertheless it can be a great manner to acquire to cognize several people in a short clip. Last. it covers the whole universe. people from all walks of life whom you would hold a opportunity to run into . 2. Why is it non a good medium Merely because everyone else out there is making it. doesn’t make it a good medium to look for a spouse. Safety is a really serious concern and something that most of the people risk most when they meet people they have no hint approximately. Peoples can state anything they want about themselves online. But surveies have already proven that both work forces and adult females lie about different things on their profile. Another problem with on-line dating is that when you do eventually make up ones mind to run into. there can be so much accent on the whole looks thing. The meet-up tends to fall apart as worlds tend to hold certain outlooks and when those outlooks are non met. letdown is felt. In on-line dating. there is normally a impression that those who go on-line to happen a day of the month is merely looking for sex and merely desire good clip instead than serious relationships. B. Traditional dating 1. What is traditional datingIn the lexicon. a day of the month is â€Å"An assignment to run into at a specified clip ; particularly. a societal battle between two individuals that frequently has a romantic character† ( Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 2003. p. 317 ) . 2. Traditional dating vs online dating Online dating is easy. You fill out a profile and meet others on the web site you are utilizing. However. there is no initial face-to-face contact. and you may or may non be passing clip with person you would wish to be in relationship with. Traditional dating allows you to interact with your day of the month on a personal degree. As you spend clip with your day of the month. you see him in a assortment of different state of affairss and fortunes. Traditional dating can be dozenss of merriment making things together and cognizing each other deeper in a personal manner. As you day of the month. you get to go to films or music events. travel bowling or drama games. You besides can duplicate day of the month. acquiring to cognize two possible spouses alternatively of merely one. With traditional dating. you know where your day of the month lives. which is non ever the instance with online dating. Besides. it’s easier to experience â€Å"chemistry† on a face-to-face day of the month. When you online day of the month. you may non experience any chemical science until you meet. Argument: A. Sing the issue in both provinces1. Beneficial effects of online dating2. Support or presentation of instance surveiesB. What are the cons of online dating?1. Disadvantages of online dating2. Why do we antagonize online datingPeoples tend to lie online to box themselves beautifully. In fact. even the online dating bureaus tell you what to state or compose depending on what is most sought after. But this is non the right manner to get down a relationship. Nothing physiques love and trust like lying. It is difficult to cognize a person’s existent character online and the best manner is to see them interact with other people and in different fortunes. Besides. in OD people normally try to do a good feeling but there is a difference between looking your best and seeking to be something you are non. The online dating universe sends the message to people that you’re non good plenty the manner you are. Online dating besides promotes unfaithfulness. If the individual is used to dating online. he/she can still make this even if one is already in a relationship. The possibility of taking the relationship earnestly is low because it is easy to happen a replacing online. Internet unfaithfulness is comparatively easy to conceal as it is an easy medium for a disenfranchised spouse to seek outside satisfaction while being distinct. Wysocki ( 1998 ) found that most people who had an on-line matter logged on after their spouse went to bed or at work. There is no demand to go or necessitate for an alibi that is typically required if a individual is involved in a typical matter. Refuting the counter statement: A. Why on-line dating should non promote teens.1. Psychological effects of on-line dating on teens Aside from safety issues. lying and unfaithfulness in the on-line universe. OD tends to hold psychological effects on teens as they neglect duties and relationships in the existent universe. In fact. it can take to failed matrimonies because it builds a wont of longer clip spent online with practical spouse. Online dating besides distract teens from covering with jobs that may be in existent universe relationships because clip and energy that could be spent repairing the relationship is spent basking these on-line relationships. 2. Online dating leads to danger Safety for teens particularly female. becomes a cardinal concern online as profiles are easy to make from anyplace at any clip. This may be used by professionals in a unsafe manner like to double your individuality to happen out about your household. where you live. where your parents work. etc. B. Negative effects of online dating to teens1. Lack of societal accomplishments among people – teens tend to remain in the confines of their places to socialise with on-line friends or day of the months. 2. OD may take to wellness issues – There are wellness issues like carpal tunnel. asthenopia and loss of sleep. Emotional emphasis and psychological emphasis can besides construct up since you do non cognize much about your on-line spouses compared to traditional dating wherein you see their personalities face-to-face. Decision:A. Online dating will non assist you in your lovelife1. OD is non a good manner to happen true love2. OD would merely take to a failed relationshipB. Relevance of online dating in today’s society1. There are many ads online2. Peoples are now in a haste to happen a spouse C. Reinforce why online dating should non be encouragedD. SummaryPeoples are now in a haste and hold limited clip and resources to socialise. The media has influenced teen’s perceptual experiences of wooing and dating in the modern universe. With the coming of engineering. people are more open to information online and even online dating is now popular with teens. However. non all popular should be embraced. WE should believe about the safety issues which is the figure one hazard when you go on-line for a day of the month. Furthermore. how do you swear person you have non met? One can lie about anything when they are concealed or unobserved. The possibility of cognizing person you can swear and hold as a life-time spouse is really small compared to person you really run into and interact with. Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles. com/ ? Why-Is-Online-Dating-Popular? A ; id=403737 hypertext transfer protocol: //hubpages. com/hub/6-Reasons-Why-Looking-for-a-Relationship-Online-Bad-Idea hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/about_5421880_pros-cons-traditional-dating. html # ixzz2hFeohiWf hypertext transfer protocol: //webspace. ship. edu/jacamp/psyberpsych/Dating/Subtopic3. htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8076698_effects-internet-dating. html # ixzz2hFj90DPO ( Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 2003. p. 317 ) .

The 9 Most Common Shapes and How to Identify Them

The 9 Most Common Shapes and How to Identify Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve probably learned a lot about shapes without ever really thinking about what they are. But understanding what a shape is is incredibly handy when comparing it to other geometric figures, such as planes, points, and lines. In this article, we’ll cover what exactly a shape is, as well as a bunch of common shapes, what they look like, and the major formulas associated with them. What Is a Shape? If someone asks you what a shape is, you’ll likely be able to name quite a few of them. But â€Å"shape† has a specific meaning, too- it’s not just a name for circles, squares, and triangles. A shape is the form of an object- not how much room it takes up or where it is physically, but the actual form it takes. A circle isn’t defined by how much room it takes up or where you see it, but rather the actual round form that it takes. A shape can be any size and appear anywhere; they’re not constrained by anything because they don’t actually take up any room. It’s kind of hard to wrap your mind around, but don’t think of them as being physical objects- a shape can be three-dimensional and take up physical room, such as a pyramid-shaped bookend or a cylinder can of oatmeal, or it can be two-dimensional and take up no physical room, such as a triangle drawn on a piece of paper. The fact that it has a form is what differentiates a shape from a point or a line. A point is just a position; it has no size, no width, no length, no dimension whatsoever. A line, on the other hand, is one-dimensional. It extends infinitely in either direction and has no thickness. It’s not a shape because it has no form. Though we may represent points or lines as shapes because we need to actually see them, they don’t actually have any form. That’s what differentiates a shape from the other geometric figures- it’s two- or three-dimensional, because it has a form. Cubes, like those seen here, are three-dimensional forms of squares- both are shapes! The 6 Main Types of Two-Dimensional Geometric Shapes Picturing a shape just based on definition is difficult- what does it mean to have form but not take up space? Let’s take a look at some different shapes to better understand what exactly it means to be a shape! We often classify shapes by how many sides they have. A â€Å"side† is a line segment (part of a line) that makes up part of a shape. But a shape can have an ambiguous number of sides, too. Type 1: Ellipses Ellipses are round, oval shapes in which a given point (p) has the same sum of distance from two different foci. Oval An oval looks a bit like a smooshed circle- rather than being perfectly round, it’s elongated in some way. However, the classification is imprecise. There are many, many kinds of ovals, but the general meaning is that they are a round shape that is elongated rather than perfectly round, as a circle is.An oval is any ellipses where the the foci are in two different positions. Because an oval is not perfectly round, the formulas we use to understand them have to be adjusted. It’s also important to note that calculating the circumference of an oval is quite difficult, so there’s no circumference equation below. Instead, use an online calculator or a calculator with a built-in circumference function, because even the best circumference equations you can do by hand are approximations. Definitions Major Radius: the distance from the oval’s origin to the furthest edge Minor Radius: the distance from the oval’s origin to the nearest edge Formulas Area = $\Major \Radius*\Minor \Radius*Ï€$ Circle How many sides does a circle have? Good question! There’s no good answer, unfortunately, because â€Å"sides† have more to do with polygons- a two-dimensional shape with at least three straight sides and typically at least five angles. Most familiar shapes are polygons, but circles have no straight sides and definitely lack five angles, so they are not polygons. So how many sides does a circle have? Zero? One? It’s irrelevant, actually- the question simply doesn’t apply to circles. A circle isn’t a polygon, but what is it? A circle is a two-dimensional shape (it has no thickness and no depth) made up of a curve that is always the same distance from a point in the center.An oval has two foci at different positions, whereas a circle's foci are always in the same position. Definitions Origin: the center point of the circle Radius: the distance from the origin to any point on the circle Circumference: the distance around the circle Diameter: the length from one edge of the circle to the other $\bo{Ï€}$: (pronounced like pie) 3.141592†¦; ${\the \circumference \of \a \circle}/{\the \radius \of \a \circle}$; used to calculate all kinds of things related to circles Formulas Circumference = $Ï€*\radius$ Area = $Ï€*\radius^2$ Type 2: Triangles Triangles are the simplest polygons. They have three sides and three angles, but they can look different from one another. You might have heard of right triangles or isosceles triangles- those are different types of triangles, but all will have three sides and three angles. Because there are many kinds of triangles, there are lots of important triangle formulas, many of them more complex than others. The basics are included below, but even the basics rely on knowing the length of the triangle’s sides. If you don’t know the triangle’s sides, you can still calculate different aspects of it using angles or only some of the sides. Definitions Vertex: the point where two sides of a triangle meet Base: any of the triangle’s sides, typically the one drawn at the bottom Height: the vertical distance froma base to a vertex it is not connected to Formulas Area = ${\base*\height}/2$ Perimeter = $\side a + \side b + \side c$ Type 3: Parallelograms A parallelogram is a shape with equal opposite angles, parallel opposite sides, and parallel sides of equal length. You might notice that this definition applies to squares and rectangles- that’s because squares and rectangles are also parallelograms! If you can calculate the area of a square, you can do it with any parallelogram. Definitions Length: the measure of the bottom or top side of a parallelogram Width: the measure of the left or right side of a parallelogram Formulas Area: $\length*\height$ Perimeter: $\Side 1 + \Side 2 + \Side 3 + \Side 4$ Alternatively, Perimeter: $\Side*4$ Rectangle A rectangle is a shape with parallel opposite sides, combined with all 90 degree angles. As a type of parallelogram, it has opposite parallel sides. In a rectangle, one set of parallel sides is longer than the other, making it look like an elongated square. Because a rectangle is a parallelogram, you can use the exact same formulas to calculate their area and perimeters. Square A square is a lot like a rectangle, with one notable exception: all its sides are equal length. Like rectangles, squares have all 90 degree angles and parallel opposite sides. That’s because a square is actually a type of rectangle, which is a type of parallelogram! For that reason, you can use the same formulas to calculate the area or perimeter of a square as you would for any other parallelogram. Rhombus A rhombus is- you guessed it- a type of parallelogram. The difference between a rhombus and a rectangle or square is that its interior angles are only the same as their diagonal opposites. Because of this, a rhombus looks a bit like a square or rectangle skewed a bit to the side. Though perimeter is calculated the same way, this affects the way that you calculate the area, because the height is no longer the same as it would be in a square or rectangle. Definition Diagonal: the length between two opposite vertices Formulas Area = ${\Diagonal 1*\Diagonal 2}/2$ Type 4: Trapezoids Trapezoids are four-sided figures with two opposite parallel sides. Unlike a parallelogram, a trapezoid has just two opposite parallel sides rather than four, which impacts the way you calculate the area and perimeter. Definitions Base: either of a trapezoid’s parallel sides Legs: either of the trapezoids non-parallel sides Altitude: the distance from one base to the other Formulas Area: $({\Base_1\length + \Base_2\length}/2)\altitude$ Perimeter: $\Base + \Base + \Leg + \Leg$ Type 5: Pentagons A pentagon is a five-sided shape. We typically see regular pentagons, where all sides and angles are equal, but irregular pentagons also exist. An irregular pentagon has unequal side and unequal angles, and can be convex- with no angles pointing inward- or concave- with an internal angle greater than 180 degrees. Because the shape is more complex, it needs to be divided into smaller shapes to calculate its area. Definitions Apothem: a line drawn from the pentagon’s center to one of the sides, hitting the side at a right angle. Formulas Perimeter: $\Side 1 + \Side 2 + \Side 3 + \Side 4 + \Side 5$ Area: ${\Perimeter*\Apothem}/2$ Type 6: Hexagons A hexagon is a six-sided shape that is very similar to pentagon. We most often see regular hexagons, but they, like pentagons, can also be irregular and convex or concave. Also like pentagons, a hexagon’s area formula is significantly more complex than that of a parallelogram. Formulas Perimeter: $\Side 1 + \Side 2 + \Side 3 + \Side 4 + \Side 5 + \Side 6$ Area: ${3√3*\Side*2}/2$ Alternatively, Area: ${\Perimeter*\Apothem}/2$ What AboutThree-Dimensional Geometric Shapes? There are also three-dimensional shapes, which don’t just have a length and a width, but also depth or volume. These are shapes you see in the real world, like a spherical basketball, a cylindrical container of oatmeal, or a rectangular book. Three-dimensional shapes are naturally more complex than two-dimensional shapes, with an additional dimension- the amount of space they take up, not just the form- to include when calculating area and perimeter. Math involving 2D shapes, such as those above, is called plane geometry because it deals specifically with planes, or flat shapes. Math involving 3D shapes like spheres and cubes is called solid geometry, because it deals with solids, another word for 3D shapes. Because solids are even more complex than the 2D shapes discussed above, they’re worthy of their own discussion in a separate blog post coming soon! 2D shapes make up the 3D shapes we see every day! 3 Key Tips for Working With Shapes There are so many types of shapes that it can be tricky to remember which is which and how to calculate their areas and perimeters. Here’s a few tips and tricks to help you remember them! #1: Identify Polygons Some shapes are polygons and some are not. One of the easiest ways to narrow down what type of shape something is is figuring outif it's a polygon. A polygon is comprised of straight lines that do not cross. Which of the shapes below are polygons and which are not? The circle and oval are not polygons, which means their area and perimeter are calculated differently. Learn more about how to calculate them using $Ï€$ above! #2: Check for Parallel Sides If the shape you’re looking at is a parallelogram, it’s generally easier to calculate its area and perimeter than if it isn’t a parallelogram. But how do you identify a parallelogram? It’s right there in the name- parallel. A parallelogram is a four-sided polygon with two sets of parallel sides. Squares, rectangles, and rhombuses are all parallelograms. Squares and rectangles use the same basic formulas for area- length times height. They’re also very easy to find perimeter for, as you just add all the sides together. Rhombuses are where things get tricky, because you multiply the diagonals together and divide by two. To determine what kind of parallelogram you’re looking at, ask yourself if it has all 90-degree angles. If yes, it’s either a square or a rectangle. A rectangle has two sides that are slightly longer than the others, whereas a square has sides of all equal length. Either way, you calculate the area by multiplying the length times the height and perimeter by adding all four sides together. If no, it’s probably a rhombus, which looks like if you took a square or rectangle and skewed it in either direction. In this case, you’ll find the area by multiplying the two diagonals together and dividing by two. Perimeter is found the same way that you would find the perimeter of a square or rectangle. #3: Count the Number of Sides Formulas for shapes that don’t have four sides can get quite tricky, so your best bet is to memorize them. If you have trouble keeping them straight, try memorizing the Greek words for numbers, such as: Tri: three, as in triple, meaning three of something Tetra: four, as in the number of squares in a Tetris block Penta: five, as in the Pentagon in Washington D.C., which is a large building in the shape of a Pentagon Hexa: six, as in hexadecimal, the six-digit codes often used for color in web and graphic design Septa: seven, as in Septa, the female clergy of Game of Thrones’ religion, which has seven gods Octo: eight, as in the eight legs of an octopus Ennea: nine, as in an enneagram, a common model for human personalities Deca: ten, as in a decathlon, in which athletes complete ten events What’s Next? If you're prepping for the ACT and want a little additional help on your geometry, check out this guide to coordinate geometry! If you're more the SAT type, this guide to triangles on the SAT geometry section will help you prepare for the test! Can't get enough of ACT math? This guide to polygons on the ACT will help you prepare with useful strategies and practice problems!

Discussion Week 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Week 8 - Assignment Example One day she calls me and tells me she wanted 34 perfumes that different friends had asked for. This was the biggest order I had ever landed. I did not have the all the perfumes she wanted on hand, but I called my supplier and purchased the perfumes I needed. This was a great experience for me. Word of mouth advertising can help increase consumer sales because this is a way for customers to recruit other customers. The outcome of the encounter was that I was able to achieve my biggest sale by providing great customer service to a client. The customer recruited other clients for me as a favor. As a consequence of this event I was motivated to continue my self-employment. A few months later I found a full-time job and stop selling perfumes. The salesman experience helped me improve my people skills. A mistake that I regret associated with the 34 perfume sale experience was that I did not follow on that sale after obtaining such as good sales lead. A way for a business to prosper is by increasing its customer retention rate. Increasing the customer retention rates can help increase the profitability of a firm